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Lifespan 3&4

Berger

QuestionAnswer
The full set of chromosomes, with all the the genes they contain, that make up the genetic material of an organism. genome
The basic unit for the transmission of heredity instructions. gene
A reproductive cell. gamete
The single cell formed from the fusing of a sperm and an ovum. zygote
An organism's entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential. genotype
A slight, normal variation of a particular gene. allele
The chromosome pair that, in human's, determines the zygote's sex, among other things. 23rd pair
The naturally occuring termination of a pregnacy before the fetus is fully developed. spontaneous abortion
Twins who have identical genes because they were formed from one zygote that split into two identical organisms very early in development. monozygotic twins
Twins who were formed when two separate ova were fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time. Such twins share about half their genes, like any other siblings. dizygotic twins
Processes in which certain genes code for proteins that swith other genese on and off, making sure that the other genes produce proteins at the appropriate times. on-off switching mechanisms
A person's actual appearance and behavior, which are the result of both genetic and environmental influences. phenotype
Referring to inherited traits that are influenced by many factors, including factors in the environment, rather than by genetic influences alone. multifactorial
Referring to inherited traits that are influenced by many genes, rather than by a single gene. polygenic
A gene that, through interaction with other genes, affects a specific trait such as skin color or height. additive gene
The interaction of a pair of alleles in such a way tha tthe phenotype reveals the influence of one allele more than the other. dominant-recessive pattern
The member of an interacting pair of alleles who influence is more evident in the phenotype. dominant gene
The member of an interacting pair of alleles whose influence is less evident in the phenotype. recessive gene
A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in his or her phenotype but can be passed on to his or her children. carrier
The study of the genetic origins of psychological characteristics, such as personality patterns, psychological disorders, and intellectual abilities. behavior genetics
Referring to a condition in which a person has a mixture of cells, some normal and some with the incorrect number of chromosomes. mosaic
A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome is attached to the rest of it by a very thing string of molecules; often produces mental deficiency in males who inherit it. fragile X syndrome
The first two weeks of development after conception; characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation. germinal period
Approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, the period during which the basic forms of all body structures develop. embryonic period
The ninth week after conception until birth, the period during which the organs of the developing person grow in size and mature in functioning. fetal period
Begininning about a week after concpetion, the burrowing of the organism into the lining of the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected during growth. implantation
Teratogens: In embryonic period, causes blindness and deafness; in first and second trimesters cause brain damage. rubella
Teratogens: brain damage, loss of vision, mental retardation Toxoplasmosis
Teratogen: Avoid eating undercooked meat and handling cat feces, garden dirt. Toxoplasmosis
Created by: blueangel0693
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