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A&P3 TT2 Review
CanColl May 2012 A&P3 TT2 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Microbiology | The study of microorganisms |
| Define Antisepsis | Chemical disinfection of skin, mucous membranes or other living tissues |
| Define Disinfection | Destruction of most microorganisms from non-living objects. May not kill endospores or viruses |
| Define Sanitization | Reduction of pathogens to safe public health levels |
| Define Sterilization | The use of physical or chemical procedures to kill all microorganisms in/on objects |
| Define Epidemic | When many people get a disease over a short period of time |
| Define Pandemic | A disease that occurs world wide |
| Define Endemic | A disease which is constantly present in a population |
| Define Fomite | A non-living object used to spread an infection |
| Define Vector | animals that carry pathogens from one host to another |
| Who is considered to be the "Father of Microbiology"? | Anton Van Leeuwenhoek |
| What type of microscope would you use to clearly look at a virus? | Electron microscope |
| What is the average size if a bacterium? | 1 - 3 micrometers |
| What type of organisms live off dead or decaying organic matter? | Saprophytes |
| What colour will a bacteria stain if it is gram positive? | Purple |
| What part of a bacteria may become dormant and survive unfavourable conditions? | Endospores |
| What does the term pleomorphic mean in reference to bacteria? | (Irregular) They vary in size and shape during their life cycle |
| Which microbes are prokaryotes? | Bacteria |
| What is the name of the rod-like form of bacteria? | Bacillus |
| Does a virus have DNA or RNA? | Yes, they have either, but not both |
| In which "host-parasite" relationship do both organisms derive a benefit? | Mutualism |
| Where on/in the body is there usually no bacteria found? | Blood, Lower Respiratory Tract, Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract |
| What type of disease is constantly present in the population? | Endemic |
| What is the most common portal of entry for infectious agents? | Respiratory Tract |
| During what stage of illness will there be mild symptoms and the person feels out of sorts? | Prodromal |
| What is specific immunity? | Defense against a particular microorganism |
| What is the name for a non-living object that can spread infections? | Fomite |
| What is the name for an organism that normally lives on the human body and usually causes no harm, but may cause disease if the immune system is compromised? | Opportunistic Microbe |
| Inflammation represents which line of defence in humans? | Non-specific, Internal (second line of defence) |
| What microbe causes Smallpox? | Variola Virus (Virus) |
| What microbe causes Chicken pox? | Herpes Virus, Varicella Virus (Virus) |
| What microbe causes Measles? | Measles Virus (Virus) |
| What microbe causes Impetigo? | Staph Aureus, Strep Strians (Bacteria) |
| What microbe causes Dysentry? | Protosoan or Bacteria |
| What microbe causes Salmonellosis? | Salmonella (Bacteria) |
| What microbe causes Toxoplasmosis? | Toxoplasma Gondii (Protozoan) |
| What is the incubation period for Chicken Pox? | 13 - 17 days |
| Which fungal infection is more commonly known as "Jock Itch"? | Tinea Crura |
| Which type of measles present Koplick's spots? | Rubeola (normal measles) |
| Which virus causes German measles? | Rubella Virus |
| What disease is caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi bacteria? | Lyme Disease |
| What disease is caused by Epstein-Barr virus? | Infectious Mononucleosis |
| What disease is caused by Clostridium Tetani? | Tetanus (Lockjaw) |
| What disease is caused by Rickettsia? | Typhus Fever |
| What disease is transmitted by animal bites? | Rabies |
| What diseases are transmitted via the gastrointestinal route (oral-fecal)? | Dysentry, Salmonella, Typhoid Fever, Cholera, Giardiases |
| What diseases are transmitted by blood transfusions and mosquitoes? | Malaria |
| What is the treatment for the common cold? | Rest |
| Which of the following diseases is the most infectious (spreadable)? Acne, Impetigo, Folliculitis or Pimples? | Impetigo |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Shingles? | Initially tingling, pricking, or numbness (paresthesia) - followed by eruptions of painful vesicles or blisters in a bandlike pattern along affected dermatomes. Blisters then erupt, crust over and fall off after 7 - 10 days from onset. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Measles? | Starts with upper resp. infection symptoms after a 10-12 day incubation. Koplicks spots appear in the mouth - along with vesicular lesions on the face and trunk |
| What are the signs and symptoms of German Measles? | The symptoms are similar but milder than "Hard" measles. Also - in 1st trimester of pregnancy - GM can cause birth defects |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Chicken Pox? | Begins with headaches, loss of appetite, and a mild fever. Then an itchy rash appears on the face or trunk and then spreads to the extremities. Lesions are fluid-filled blisters over red patches that erupt and crust over. 2 weeks duration approx |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Leprosy? | Decreased sensation, skin lesions and disintegration of tissues |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Scabies? | Tiny grey scaly swelling between fingers, on genital and axilla. Later signs are itcy red bumps - especially at night. The short irregular marks (RUNS) on the sides of the fingers and heels of palms - intense itching. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea? | Males may experience discharge with dysuria. Females may have urethritis or cervicitis and this may lead to Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. May cause blindness in newborns. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Syphilis? | There are three stages - Primary (Chancre on genitals, anus or mouth. Secondary - rash on palms and soles, headaches, fever, meningitis. Tertiary - years later - lesions on aorta and CNS |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Poliomyelitis? | May range from flu-like symptoms to severe paralysis. Common signs - progressive fatique, cold intolerance, MM weakness and atrophy |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Rabies? | Can cause inflammation of the brain, intense thirst, seizures, hydrophobia, convulsions and paralysis. Fatal within 3 days of symptoms. |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Tetanus? | Spastic paralysis starting with the TMJ = Lock Jaw |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Toxoplasmosis? | Sometimes - Asymptomatic - but commonly flu-like : swollen lymph nodes, MM aches and pains - lasting a couple of weeks |
| How is Chlamydia Trachomatis transmitted? | Sexual intercourse / vaginal birth |
| What is the single most effective means to prevent infectious disease? | Hand washing |
| Which fluids to universal precautions not apply to? | Breast Milk |
| What approach to health care seeks to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place? | Primary prevention |
| What approach to health care emphasizes the treatment and rehab at the later stages of the disease? | Tertiary prevention |
| Which vaccines are given at 2 years of age? | DPT, Polio and Hib |
| Which conditions are considered notifiable diseases by an RMT? | Dog bite, GSW and child abuse |
| Which diseases are considered notifiable diseases under the Health Protection and Promotion Act? | Anthrax, botulism, cholera, diphtheria, west nile virus, food poisoning, giardiasis, Hep A, measles, bacterial meningitis, poliomyelitis, rabies, SARS, smallpox, shingellosis, yellow fever |
| What is another name for the common cold? | Acute Coryza |
| Is SARS more infectious than influenza? | No - less infectious |
| Where is SARS most commonly transmitted? | Healthcare facilities |
| What are the signs and symptoms of SARS? | Fever (over 38), cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing. May also include MM aches, severe headaches, severe fatique, sore throat and diarrhea. |
| How is SARS commonly transmitted? | Thru direct contact with respiratory secretions and bodily fluids of an affected individual. |
| What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? | A smaller cell with a complex cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, nucleoid (not a proper nucleus), contains no organelles and divides by means of binary fission. |
| What is a virion? | A virion is what carries the virus from one host cell to another. When the virus is outside of a host cell - it is called a virion. |
| What does a virion consist of? | A virion is composed of a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat. |
| What are the two main parts of our specific immune defenses? | The Humoral Immune System and the Cell Mediated Immune System. |
| Which part of our specific immune defenses involves specialized lymphocytes called B cells? | The Humoral Immunce System |
| Which part of our specific immune defenses involves specialized lymphocytes called T cells? | The Cell Mediated Immune System |
| Within the immune system, what type of cells produce antibodies? | B Cells |
| What type of antibodies to T cells produce? | T cells do not produce antibodies. Specialized T cells attach the antigens directly. |
| What are the three main types of T cells called? | Helper T, Suppressor T and Cytotoxic T (aka Killer T cells) |
Created by:
Hanz Onn
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