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Comm chap 1
basics of comm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| communication | process by which indiviuals use symbols, signs and behaviors to exchange information, hope that meaning is shared , contextual |
| functional perspective of communication | examines how we use communication to help us begin, maintain, and end relationships |
| Relationships | interconnections or interdependence between two or more people that function to achieve some goal |
| interdependence | what we do affect other and what others do affects us |
| affiliation | affect or feelings we have for others, has a love-hate continuum to express these |
| goal achievement | relying on communication in order to accomplish particular objectives |
| influencing others | an important function of communication, every communication is influential in one way or another, can be unintentional |
| control | ability of someone or an organization to influence others and the manner in which their relationships are conducted, control is finite, have to negotiate control |
| six characteristics of communication | symbolic, code sharing, culturally bound, intentionality, channel, transactional |
| symbols | arbitrary constructions in the form of language or behaviors that refer to things and concepts |
| shared code | symbolic behaviors are grouped to created a code that are joined to create a meaningful message , participants must share the code used to encode and decode messages, speaking a common language |
| encoding | process of constructing a message for production |
| decoding | process of receiving a message by interpreting and assigning meaning to it |
| culture | shared beliefs, values and practices of a group of people, includes language and symbols, rules and norms |
| co-culture | small groups of people with a culture with distinguished features |
| communication's intentionality | most comm is intentional, but doesnt have to be, ex. blushing , two systems at play ( intentional and spontaneous) ; difference is giving and giving off information |
| various channels of communication | channel: method through which comm occurs, can be voice, books, web etc. |
| transactional process | involves people in both sender and receiver roles and messages are dependent on both people, once a message is sent, it cannot be reversed or repeated in precisely same way |
| competent | scholars use this to describe communication that is effective and appropriate for a given situation |
| outcome | the product of an interchange, the end not the process |
| process | the methods by which an outcome is accomplished, more important in comm than the actual outcome |
| ethics | study of morals, moral choices people make in their relationships |
| appropriateness of comm | meets demands of the situation as well as the expectations of the comm partner and others present |
| behavioral flexibility | ability to have a number of behaviors at your disposal and willingness to use different behaviors in different situation |
| linear model of comm | sender originates communication (message) which is carried through a channel, along the way some interference (noise) occurs but the message arrives changed in some way to the receiver(s) |
| interaction model | incorporates feedback, communicators take turns sending messages, still incorporates noise |
| competent communication model | shows simultaneous communications, and the transactions that occur , 4 spheres of influence (communicators, relational, situational and cultural |
| cognitions | thoughts that individuals have about themselves and others, how well they like who they are, how successful they think they are |
| behavior | observational communication including verbal messages and nonverbal messages |
| relational context | past history, both parties' expectations for the current situation and future, goals |
| situational context | particular circumstances surrounding communication including social environment, physical place and specific events and situations, also includes where you live and work, the time of day and current events in particular environment |
| cultural context | backdrop for situational context and the other contexts, helps determine which messages are appropriate and effective |
| cultural identity | how individuals view themselves as a member of a specific culture |
| three primary functions in communication | expressing affiliation, accomplishing goals (goal achievement) and negotiating control |
| contextual levels of communication | intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, intergroup/intercultural, mass, public , small group |
| intrapersonal | internal, talking to self, thinking about others and processing information, forming impressions, making attributions |
| interpersonal | with another (dyad), involves self disclosure, relational development , intimacy |
| small group | interaction among 3 or more, pursuing common goal, interact as group |
| public | 1 or a few speaking to an audience, relatively one way, use rehotircal devices and imagery |
| organizational | memeber of an organization or between different organizations, formal and informal networks, rules , norms, study leadership and culture |
| intergroup/intercultural | between members of different groups or cultures , identity and influence of group memebership |
| mass | messages on a large scale, mediated (print or electronic) typically by professionals, less immediate feedback |
| experiments | finding causal relationships, applying something to a group |
| surveys | finding attitudes, asking people what they think or do, not doing anything to them |
| content analysis | analyzing the content of messages, systematic quantitative analysis (just observations) |
| research | set of systematic procedures for gathering credible information about some object or process |
| postulates about communication research | orderly universe, cause-effect relationships, scientific integrity |
| steps of research process | specify goals, review prior research, make observations, analyze data, reach conclusions, report results |
Created by:
hannad
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