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A&P Ch 20 Kuntzman
The Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classify the major groups of hormones according to chemistry | 1) Lipid-soluable hormones 2) Water-soluable hormones |
| What is the difference between water-soluable & lipid-soluable? | 1) Water-soluable are made from amino acids & are soluble in water 2) Lipid-soluable include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, & intrinsic oxide & are soluable in lipids |
| Where are the receptors located for each of the two major hormone classifications? | 1) Lipid-soluable hormone receptors are located inside target cells 2) Water-soluable hormone receptors are part of the plasma membrane of target cells |
| Give three examples of water-soluable & lipid-soluable hormones | Water-Soluable: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, & Anti-diriuretic Lipid-Soluable: Steroids, Thyroid T3 & T4, & Nitric Oxide |
| Define target organ or tissue | Receptors for a particular hormone |
| How do hormones travel thru the body? | Bloodstream |
| Define negative & positive feedback | Negative reverses the stimulus Positive enhances the stimulus |
| What do the endocrine & nervous system control? | Homeostasis |
| What gland does the hypothalamus control? | Pituitary |
| What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary Gland? Who produces these? | Oxytocin & Antidiuretic The hypothalamus produces it |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what secretes oxytocin | OT, stimulates contraction of uterus at end of pregnancy & release of milk from mammary glands. Secreted by posterior pituitary. |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what secretes antidiuretic hormone | ADH, Decreases the amt of urine formed & secreted. Decreases sweating, helps maintain normal BP. Secreted by posterior pituitary. |
| What attaches the pituitary gland to the brain? | Stalk called the infidibulum |
| What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? | 1) Human Growth Hormone (hGH) 2) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 3) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 4) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 5) Prolactin (PRL) 6) Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what regulates Human Growth Hormone | Abbrev: hGH Fxn: Protein synthesis, maintains muscle & bone mass, heals & repairs tissue, fat & glycogen breakdown for energy Regulator: Hypothalamus |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what regulates Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | Abbrev: TSH Fxn: Stimulates synthesis & secretion of T3 & T4 in thyroid Regulator: Hypothalamus |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what regulates Luteinizing Hormone | Abbrev: LH Fxn: Ovulation, corpus luteum formation, increases progesterone by CL, and increases testosterone in men Regulator: Hypothalamus |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what regulates Prolactin | Abbrev: PRL Fxn: Initiates & maintains mile secretion by mammary glands Regulator: Hypothalamus |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what regulates Adrenocorticotrophic | Abbrev: ACTH Fxn: Controls synthesis & secretion of cortisol Regulator: Hypothalamus |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what secretes Thyroxine & Triiodothryonine | Abbrev: T3 & T4 Fxn: Regulates energy production & protein synthesis, increases cell respiration of food, & increases rate of protein synthesis w/cells (Metabolism regulators) Secreted by: Thyroid follicular cells |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what secretes Calcitonin | Abbrev: CT Fxn: Build bone mass Secreted by: Thyroid Parafollicular Cells |
| Give the abbreviation, main function, & what secretes Parathyroid Hormone | Abbrev: PTH Fxn; Antagonist to calcitonin, increases blood calcium, & decreases phosphate levels Secreted by: Parathyroid |
| What is the function of glucagon and what secretes it? | --Stimulates glycogen to glucose --Increases use of fat & extra amino acids for energy --Increases blood glucose levels & makes food types into energy Location: Pancreas |
| What is the function of insulin and what secretes it? | --Stimulates glucose to glycogen --Increases glucose into cells & for energy production --Increases amino acids & fatty acids into cells & for synthesis rxns, vital for survival Secreted by: Pancreas |
| What is the function of norepinephrine and what secretes it? | Causes vasoconstriction to raise BP (Fight or Flight) Secreted by: Adrenal glands - Medulla |
| What is the function of epinephrine and what secretes it? | Fight or flight responses Secreted by: Adrenal glands - medulla |
| What is the function of Aldosterone and what secretes it? | --Mineral corticoid - Maintains bloold levels of Na & K, blood pH, blood volume, BP, increases reabsorption of Na & water follows back into blood Secreted by: Adrenal glans - Cortex |
| What is the function of Cortisol and what secretes it? | --Gluco corticoid - regulates metabolism, fat & amino acids to energy, glucose to glycogen, anti-inflammatory effects Secreted by: Adrenal glands - Cortex |
| What is the function of Estrogen & Progesterone and what secretes it? | Regulates reproductive cycle, maintains pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation, promote development of female secondary sex characteristics Secreted by: Ovaries |
| What is the function of Inhibin and what secretes it? | Inhibits secretion of FSH Secreted by: Testes |
| What is the abbreviation, function, and secretor of Melatonin? | Abbrev: MT Fxn: Sets biological clock Secreted by: Pineal gland |
| What is the function of Leukotrienes and what secretes it? | Enhances WBCs & inflammation Secreted by: All body cells |
| What is the function of Prostaglandins and what secretes it? | Smooth muscle contractions, glandular secretion, blood flow & platelet fxn, nerve transmission, metabolism, repro processes, respiration & immune respons Secreted by: All body cells |
| What do nonsteroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs do? | Used to reduce inflammation, pain, & fever. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins. |
| Describe the 3 stages of stress | 1) An initial fight or flight response 2) A slower resistance reaction 3) Exhaustion |
| Define stressor | Any stimulus that produces a stress response |
| Define Eustress | Stress that is healthy or give one a feeling of fulfillment or other positive feelings. Process of exploring potential gains. |
| Define Distress | Anxiety, pain, sorrow |
| Briefly explain the alarm reaction | Fight or flight |
| Briefly explain the resistance reaction | 2nd stage in stress response. Indicated by hypothalamic releasing hormones & lasts longer than fight or flight. Repair of damaged cells. |
| Briefly explain exhaustion | Happens when the resources of the body become so depleted that they cannot sustain the resistance stage. |
| Define diabetes mellitus type 1 | --Reduced blood glucose levels --Lack of insulin --Regular injections of insulin needed |
| Define diabetes mellitus type 2 | --High blood glucose levels --Body cells resistant to insulin |
| Define gestational diabetes | Glucose intolerance that develops during some pregnancies |
| Define hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar |
| Define hyperglycemia | High blood sugar |
Created by:
khawkin
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