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Basic Integumentary

QuestionAnswer
the functions of the integumentary system sensory perception, protection, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, vitamin D synthesis, thermoregulation
2 tissues that make up skin epidermis and dermis
the epidermis is ________ tissue Epithelial
the 4 cell types that make up the epidermis keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel, langerhans
cell responsible for the formation of keratin keratinocytes
cell is responsible for the formation of melanin melanocytes
a role of langerhans cells immune response
a role of merkel cells sensory perception (touch)
layer of the epidermis composed of newly formed keratinocytes, melanocytes, and a high concentration of Langerhans' cells stratum spinosum
layer of the epidermis composed of dying keratinocytes and acts as a water-repelling sealant slowing the loss of body fluids stratum granulosum
the deepest epidermal layer, produces new keratinocytes stratum basale
the most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead keratinocytes stratum corneum
the two dermis layers Papillary and Reticular
The thin layer of dermis containing a woven mat of collagen and rich in elastic fibers, responbible for 'fingerprints' Papillary
The dense irregular connective tissue layer of the dermis, made up of coarse elastic fibers, containing sweat glands, hair follicles Reticular
Name the three pigment skin color. Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin
the pigment that is yellow to reddish-brown to black in color melanin
the fat reservoir that is just underneath, but not a part of, the skin the hypodermis
some of the roles of the hypodermis fat storage reservoir, supplies blood to the skin, an energy reserve, insulating layer
example of the skin function of excretion sweating
an example of the skin function of sensory perception touch / pressure / pain / sense of heat and cool
the dermis is ___________ tissue connective
the function of the collagen and elastic fibers in the reticular region of the dermis provides the skin with strength, elasticity, extensibility
The epidermis and dermis are both highly _________ with sensory and motor neurons innervated
While the dermis is ___________ , the epidermis is _____________ vascularized , avascular
some of the exocrine glands associated with the skin sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous, mammary
Where sebaceous glands are NOT found The palms and soles.
sebaceous glands are located... In the dermis.
The oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands Sebum.
What are sudoriferous glands...where are they mostly found...and name two types .... Sweat glands, found in the dermis and hypodermis, two types are eccrine and apocrine
the two main functions of the eccrine sweat glands To regulate body temperature through water evaporation, and to eliminate small amounts of metabolic waste
When apocrine sweat glands are activated At puberty
stimulators of the secretory functions of the apocrine sweat glands Emotional stress and sexual excitement
Where are ceruminous glands located, and what do they do? in the external ear, they produce a waxy secretion called cerumen
Where are mammary glands found, what are they responsible for? Associated to the female reproductive system, responsible for production and secretion of milk
'normal' body temperature? Approximately 37*C
Define THERMOREGULATION the homeostatic regulation of body temperature (an equilibrium between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat dissipated in the environment)
Name 4 levels (stratum) of the epidermis corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
some of the hypothalamus' responses to a rise in body heat blood vessel vasodilation, increase sweating (by eccrine glands), increase heart rate to speed up blood flow, increase respiratory rate
some of the hypothalamus' responses to a loss in body heat blood vessel vasoconstriction, inhibiting sweat glands (eccrine), stimulate muscles to shiver, trigger goosebumps, slow cardiac and respiratory rate
physiological effects of massage on the integumentary system increase in skin temperature and suppleness, increase oxygen and nutrient supply, stimulates transit of metabolic waste, breaks adhesions, realigns collagen fibers, desensitize sensory receptors, lubricates and hydrates
gives skin a yellow/orange pigment carotene
gives skin a yellow-ish white to pink pigment hemaglobin
functions of keratin protects skin from heat and pathogens, aids to waterproof
function of melanin produce pigment and absorb UV rays
function of merkel cells sense perception (touch)
function of langerhans participate in skin immune response
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