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Neurochemistry Fall
PBD Neurochemistry Test 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Rate limiting step for synthesis of glutamate? | glutaminase |
2 routes of glutamine reuptake | 1. Metabolized by glutamine synthase in glia 2. Glutamine autoreceptor (Calcium dependent) |
Glutamate receptor subtypes (4) | 1. Kainate 2. NMDA 3. AMPA 4. Metabotropic |
What is long-term potentiation? | a long-lasting enhancement in signal transmission between two neurons that results from stimulating them synchronously? |
What is excitotoxicity? | Characterized by: Excessive glutamate release which leads to NMDA/kainate stimulation which increases intracellular Calcium. This ultimately leads to cell swelling/death |
What is epilepsy? | excess excitation and depolarization in foci |
Blocking glutamate receptors can help treat what? | epilepsy |
Why is the NMDA receptor different than the other glutamate receptors? | can increase intracellular Calcium ion levels |
1. Kainate (excitatory or inhibitory?) 2. Type of Receptor? 3. Molecular effects? (intracellular) | 1. Excitatory 2. Ionophore 3.Increase Na+ Decrease K+ |
1. NMDA (excitatory or inhibitory?) 2. Type of Receptor? 3. Molecular effects? (intracellular) | 1. Excitatory 2. Ionophore 3. Increase Ca++ and Na+ Decrease K+ |
1. AMPA (excitatory or inhibitory?) 2. Type of Receptor? 3. Molecular effects? (intracellular) | 1. Excitatory 2. Ionophore 3. Increase Na+ Decrease K+ |
1. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (excitatory or inhibitory?) 2. Type of Receptor? 3. Molecular effects? (Intracellular) | 1. Excitatory or Inhibitory?????????? 2. GPCR 3. Decrease cAMP Increase IP3 |
Major pathway in the brain (Glutamate) | Cortex to striatum |
How is glutamate synthesized? | Glutamine is synthesized to glutamate by glutaminase |