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BOARDSpathology
Gastrointestinal disorders
| Disease | Characteristics | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Achalasia | impaired esophageal peristalsis / lower esophageal sphincter contraction | age 20-40, dysphagia-soilds & liquids, chest pain, regurgitation, nocturnal cough |
| Plummer Vinson | mucosal membrane across lumen | aka Paterson-Kelly "Irish Plumber" so you have "webs in your pipes" |
| Esophageal varices | varicosities in the esophagus | portal hypertension |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux "GERD" | incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter | reflux gastric contents, Barrett's Esophagus |
| Esophageal Diverticula | outpouching of the mucosa & submucosa posteriorly - BAD BREATH | aka Zenker's fills with food, possible regurgitation when bending or lying down |
| Mallory-Weiss | laceration of distal esophagus & proximal stomach during vomiting, retching, or hiccups | hemorrhage - alcoholics |
| Duodenal Ulcers | located at the beginning of the small intestine, burning or gnawing pain, vomiting | Most common ulcer |
| Gastric ulcer | located along the lesser curvature of the stomach | caused by helicobacter pylori & NSAIDS |
| Cancer of stomach | occurs most frequently at the greater curvature of stomach | unexlpained weight loss, unrelenting pain |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver | inflammation of the liver |
| Cirrhosis | secondary to chronic alcohol abuse | fatty liver |
| Diverticulum | a pouch or sac through a defect | a pouch or sac through a defect |
| Diverticulosis | presence of diverticula, no inflammation | presence of diverticula, no inflammation |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of diverticular mucosa | inflammation of diverticular mucosa |
| Ulcerative Colitis | mucosal ulcerations, watery stool | episodic, bloddy diarrhea, fever |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | gas & distention, pencil-thin stools | episodic, consitpation and diarrhea |
| Crohn's | skip lesions, distal ileum, colon | aka regional enteritis chronic diarrhea, fever, anorexia |
| Hirschsprung's | congenital avsence of Meissner's & Auerbach's automomic plexus | aka congenital megacolon could be fatal if not diagnosed |
| Celiac Disease | hereditary, chronic intertinal malabsorption causeing mucosal damage | gluten "wheat" intolerance, pt has steatorrhea (floating feses) |
| tropical Sprue | mucosal abnormalities in small bowel | sore tongue, diarrhea, weight loss |
| Whipple's Disease | small bowel infection - professive & fatal | 30-60 males, anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint, cough |
| Zollinger-Ellison | Aggressive peptic ulcer / tumor | can perforate through the lining |
| Gardener's syndrome | found in the ascending colon | produces polyps |
Created by:
missyh23
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