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Anasazi culture
Anasazi culture NT-ss-Mr.B-T1
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anasazi (1) | culture that existed from about 1200 BC to 1300 AD in the four corners of the SW U.S. Best known for the ruins of their monumental cliff dwellings at places like Mesa Verde, which they abandoned at the end of the thirteenth century. |
| pueblo culture | [Spanish for "town"] Indian village in the American Southwest. |
| Mesa Verde | [Spanish for "green plateau"] 1.National park in southwestern Colorado, site of may Anasazi cliff dwellings. 2.The Anasazi region around Mesa Verde. San Juan River region. |
| Anasazi (2) | Navajo (more correctly, "Dine`" or "Dineh") word which, depending on pronunciation, means either "enemy ancestors" or "ancient people who are not us" |
| Chaco canyon | Extensive Ancient Puebloan culture (circa 800 AD)in NW New Mexico; Known for massive stone buildings (great houses) of multiple stories containing hundred of rooms, extensive roads and water control systems. |
| Aztec Ruins | Anasazi village in New Mexico with largest reconstruction ceremonial kiva. |
| Bandelier | National monument containing a number of ancestral pueblo homes, multi-story dwellings, kivas (ceremonial structures), rock paintings and Petroglyphs. Some of the dwellings were rock structures built on the canyon floor. |
| Tuzigoot | ancient hilltop agricultural pueblo in AZ that consisted 110 one, two, and three-story structures. (1000-1400 AD) |
| Hopi | Believed to be descended from the ancient puebloan cultures who constructed large apartment-house complexes in NE AZ and NW NM along the Mogollon Rim, from 1100-1300AD, when they abandoned their large villages. |
| Zuni | Like the Hopi, descendents of the Anasazi. |
| Navajo | aka "Dene" people were hunter-gatherers until they adopted puebloan. Known for raising Sheep,blanket weaving, and pottery. The Navajo Reservation in AZ is the largest in the USA |
| Taos | an ancient pueblo belonging to a taos (Northern tiwa) speaking native american tribe of pueblo people. Still inhabited, it is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1 mile north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico |
| Acoma | Known as " sky city," is a native american pueblo built on top of a 367 foot, sandstone mesa in new mexico.it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities within the USA.known for distinctive orange, white, black pottery. |
| flint | a hard, sedimentary crystalline form of he mineral quartz; can be "flaked" with a harder stone to make arrowheads, spear-points, etc. |
| drought | an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation (rain or snow) |
| Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who conquered Mexico and the American Southwest and established a network of settlements (16th-18th century AD) Forced Indians to convert to Christianity |
| Pueblo Revolt | In 1680, after years of Spanish religious persecution and brutality, New Mexico and Arizona pueblos coordinated an attack on the Spanish and drove them back to Mexico. 12 years later, Captain General Diego de Vargas led a bloodless reconquest. |
| turquoise | an opaque, blue-to-green mineral prized by the Navajo and other pueblo peoples for making silver jewelry. |
| sandpainting | The art of pouring colored sands, powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, and pigments from other natural sources onto a surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand painting. Often temporary, ritual paintings prepared for religious or healing ceremonies. |
| mano | (Mah-no) [Spanish for hand] Grinding stone. A hand-held stone used to grind grain, nuts, and seeds on the larger metate. |
| metate | (meh-TAH-tay) A flat or slightly concave stone base on which grain, nuts, and seeds were ground using the smaller mano. |
| Taos Pueblo | The oldest, continually inhabited pueblo in America, near the upper Rio Grande canyon. |
| Mogollon | (moh-GOH-yone) [Spanish for "hanger-on" or "sponger"] A separate culture which coexisted and had commerce with the Anasazi. These ancient farmers lived in what is now southern Arizona-New Mexico and northern Mexico. Named for the Mogollon Plataeu. |
| Hohokam | A native american culture flourishing from about the 3rd century B.C. to the mid-15th century A.D. in south-central Arizona, noted for the construction of an extensive system of irrigation canals. |
| Colorado Plateau | Roughly centered on the four corners region of the southwestern US. 90% of the area is drained by the Colorado river. Largely made up of deserts with scattered areas of forests. The Grand Canyon is in SW corner. |
| foot holds/ hand holds | holes carved into the sheer rock face of cliffs so pueblo people could climb up or down from cliff dwellings. Also made defense of their village easier. |
| nomadic | constantly moving;never settling in one place;following food supplies and moving with seasons. |
| sedentary | stationary;settled in one place;opposite of nomadic. |
| horticulture | cultivating plants and seeds for food. |
| Pueblo diet | pueblo diet corn, beans, squash, pinon nuts, fish, deer, rabbit, antelope, and birds. Were also known for raising turkeys. |
| Santa Clara | The pueblo is on the rio grande, between ohkay owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo) to the north of Ildefonso Pueblo to the south. Santa Clara Pueblo is famous for producing hand-crafted pottery, specifically blackware and redware with deep engravings |
| kiva (Great Kiva) | [Hopi] 1.A square above-ground room used by modern day Hopi for religious and spiritual ceremonies 2. A sub-terranean room- usually round, generally believed to have been used by Anasazi men for religious and ceremonial purposes |
| foot drums | rectangular hardwood boards of different thicknesses or stretched animal hides laid across a rectangular kiva pit that make a deep resonating sound when danced upon |
| pictographs | pictures or picture-like symbols that represent an idea or tell a story.pictographs can be found in the works of man ancient cultures on papyrus or wood, on cloth, on pottery and jewelry, painted on walls |
| pottery | pueblo culture is known for the many styles from across the plateau region. each pueblo has its own distinctive style. (see Acoma and Santa Clara) |
| yucca plant | Member of the agave family with stiff green sword-like leaves and white flowers on a tall stalk. Pueblo peoples used the roots and flowers for food, tips for needles, fibers for weaving baskets, sandals and rope, sap (Aloe Vera) for medicine. |
| kachinas | 1. Benevolent spiritual Intermediaries between certain Southwestern peoples and the gods. Kachinas bring good heath, fertility, rain, abundance and other blessings. 2. (Modern days) Dolls or images of the supernatural beings. |
| weaving | Pueblo peoples wove decorative baskets an sandals from the fibers of the yucca plant. They wove colorful, intricate blankets from sheep's wool. Dyed with natural plant and rock materials |
| plateau | is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. |
| Monument valley | (Navajo: Tse` Bii Ndzisgaii, meaning valley of the rocks) is a region of the Colorado Plateau (AZ & UT) characterized by a cluster of vast sandstone Buttes, the largest reaching 1000 ft. above the valley floor |
| Montezuma's castle | well-preserved cliff dwellings. They were built and used by the Pre-Colombian Sinagua people, northern cousins of the Hohokam,[3] around 700 AD. SeveralHopi clans trace thier roots to immigrants from the Montezuma Castle/ Beaver creek area. |
| hogan | the primary traditional round home of the Navajo people; made of wooden poles covered with a layer of mud. Door faces east to greet the sun. |
| wickiup | a temporary domed room dwelling, usually constructed of branches and reeds used by certain Southwest Native American tribes to provide shade and ventilation. |
| maize | early form of corn. |
| Fremont Culture | the Fremont lived a lifestyle that revolved largely around hunting and gathering and corn horticulture. A Pre-Columbian archaeological culture which receives its name from the Fremont River n US state of Utah. |
| Marauders | Nomadic tribes who raided and plundered agricultural pueblos |
| Apache | One of the nomadic, hunter-gatherer, marauding tribes of the southwest plateau region. They speak Athabaskan. |
| Granary | Storage room for grain made of adobe mud bricks, stone and/or wood frames. Usually in high cliff locations to protect from animals and raiding tribes. |
| Kayenta | (kah-YEN-tah) Regional group of the Anasazi, named for the region around Kayenta in Northeastern AZ. Monument Valley. The Kayenta Anasazi are ancestors of the Hopi, who prefer to call the area "Wunuqa" |
| Keresan | One of the languages of the Anasazi and descendants, including the people of Acoma, Cochiti, Laguna, Santa Ana, Santa Domingo, San Felipe, and Zia Pueblos in New Mexico |
| Kokopelli | ["Kachina hump," probably of Hopi/Zuni origin] A well-known mythological hump-backed flute player in most southwestern pueblo cultures. Among other things, this spiritual figure represents fertility and rain. |
| Moqui or Moki | (MOH-kee)A Hopi word meaning "the dead" which is often used to identify their ancestors. preferred by the Hopi to the Dine Navajo word, "Anasazi" |
| Petroglyphs | Rock carvings or rock "art" made by "pecking" the surface with another rock. Ex. "Newspaper Rock" in Holbrook, AZ |
| Pinon | (pee-NYHONE) Small pine tree with large edible nuts. [Spanish for "pine nut"] |
| pithouse | A house built substantially underground. Used by many early cultures, including the Anasazi. Consisted of a pit, often lined with rocks, and a roof of branches, mud, etc., usually held up by vertical timbers, usually four. |
| Potsherd | Fragment or piece of broken pottery. Also "shard." |
| Pueblo Bonito | (PWEB-loh boh-NEE-toh)[Spanish for "pretty village"] the most famous Great House in Chaco Canyon. |
| Puebloan | 1.Modern Native American Indian peoples, including those living at Hopi, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, Jemez, and Zia pueblos and the 14 Rio Grande Pueblos. 2.Anasazi ancestors of the modern Puebloans. |
| Sipapu | (SEE-pah-POO) 1. The naval of the earth from which distant Puebloan ancestors are said to have emerged as they entered the present world. 2. The small hole or indentation in the floor of a kiva which symbolizes the peoples earthly origin. |
| Spindle Whorl | In hand spinning, the spindle is a rounded wooden rod for twisting cotton fibers into thread. The whorl is a sort of flywheel that regulates the speed of the spinning wheel. |
| Teosinte | (TEE-oh-SIN-tee) Tall grass-like native of Mexico with tassle and small, hard ears. Believed to be the ancestor of corn. |
| Tree-Ring Dating | Scientific technique of comparing a cut timber to a master calendar of tree-ring growth from about 6,700 B.C. to the present. Based on the fact that a tree grows a ring each year and the rings are narrower in dry years and wider in wet years. |
| Stone Mortar & Pestle | Hollowed stone bowl and mashing tool used to grind maize, nuts, berries, and pigments. |
| Colorado River | 1,450 mile long river that flows southwest from the continental divide to the Gulf of California. Its Powerful waters formed the Grand Canyon over 9million years. |
| Rio Grande River | 1896 mile long river that flows from southwestern Colorado in the US to the Gulf of Mexico. Forms the US border between Texas and Mexico. |
| Pueblo Culture Music | Foot drums, tambourines, reed flute, turtle shell rattles used to create connections to spirit world and reflect sounds of the natural landscape. |
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