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Ch. 2 & 3 US History
American Pageant Ch. 2 & 3 Colonies
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia and Georgia. | Southern Colonies |
| An Englishman who came to America in 1610. He brought the Indians in the Jamestown area a declaration of war from the Virginia Company. This began the four year Anglo-Powhatan War. De la War brought in "Irish tactics" to use in battle | Lord De La Warr |
| A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many | Pocahontas |
| Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands | Powhatan |
| A Seneca Iroquois prophet. Preached against alcoholism by appealing to religious traditions. Had Quaker missionaries teach agricultural methods to the Iroquois men. | Handsome Lake |
| Rolfe was an Englishman who became a colonist in the early settlement of Virginia. He is best known as the man who married the Native American, Pocahontas and took her to his homeland of England. Rolfe was also the savior of the Virginia co | John Rolfe |
| He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics. | Lord Baltimore |
| English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585 sponsored the first colony on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony." | Sir Walter Raliegh |
| founder of Georgia in 1733; soldier, statesman , philanthropist. Started Georgia as a haven for people in debt because of his interest in prison reform. Almost single-handedly kept Georgia afloat. | James Oglethorpe |
| Head of an unsuccessful expedition to colonize Newfoundland for the British | Humphrey Gilbert |
| Englishman; led the army to overthrow King Charles I and was successful in 1646. Cromwell ruled England in an almost democratic style until his death. His uprising drew English attention away from Jamestown and the other American colo | Oliver Cromwell |
| John Smith took over the leadership role of the English Jamestown settlement in 1608. Most people in the settlement at the time were only there for personal gain and did not want to help strengthen the settlement. Smith therefore told the | John Smith |
| A unified country under a ruler which share common goals and pride in a nation. The rise of the nation-state began after England's defeat of the Spanish Armada. This event sparked nationalistic goals in exploration which were not though | Nation State |
| People invest in the company, hoping to make a buck on the company's success (corporation). | Joint Stock Company |
| the process of buying people (generally Africans) who come under the complete authority of their owners for life, and intended to be worked heavily; became prominent in Colonial times around the mid to late 1600's ( but also to a lesser degre | Slavery |
| caused by the desire of land-owning lords to raise sheep instead of crops, lowering the needed workforce and unemploying thousands of poor former-farmers; the lords fenced off the their great quantities of land from the mid to late 1500's f | Enclosure |
| the first representative assembly in the New World. The London Company authorized the settlers to summon an assembly, known as the House of Burgeses. A momentous precedent was thus feebly established, for this assemblage was the fi | House of Burgesses |
| A document given to the founders of a colony by the monarch that allows for special privileges and establishes a general relationship of one of three types: (1) Royal- direct rule of colony by monarch, (2) Corporate- Colony is run by a | Royal Charter |
| In 1661 a set of "codes" was made. It denied slaves basic fundamental rights, and gave their owners permission to treat them as they saw fit. | Slave Codes |
| An owner and cultivator of a small farm | Yeoman |
| a person who was granted charters of ownership by the king: proprietary colonies were Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware: proprietors founded colonies from 1634 until 1681:a famous proprietor is William Penn. | Proprietor |
| The chief dwelling place of the Iroquois Indians; c. 1500s-1600s; longhouses served as a meeting place as well as the homes for many of the Native Americans. They also provided unity between tribes of Iroquois Confederacy. | Longhouse |
| A person who settles on land without title or right: Early settlers in North Carolina became squatters when they put their small farms on the new land. They raised tobacco on the land that they claimed, and tobacco later became a major cash | Squatter |
| A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the N | Promigenture |
| Englishmen who were outcasts of their country, would work in the Americas for a certain amount of time as servants. | Indentured Servants |
| The winter of 1609 to 1610 was known as the "starving time" to the colonists of Virginia. Only sixty members of the original four-hundred colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were | Starving Time |
| Lord De La Warr declares war against the Jamestown Indians; raided Indian villages, torched cornfields; settled by a peace settlement and the marriage of Pocahontas and Rolfe | First Anglo- Powhatan War |
| Last effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement. | Second Anglo- Powhatan War |
| A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland: Protestants invaded the Catholics in 1649 around Maryland: protected the Catholics religion from Protestant rage of sharing the land: Maryland became the | Act of Toleration |
| First formal stature governing the treatment of slaves which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. | Barbados Slave Code |
| A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmen that they would have the same life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights: 3 of th | Virgina Company |
| The Restoration of the monarch began in 1660 when the nations in Great Britain, England, Scotland, and Ireland monarchies were all restored under Charles II | Restoration |
| The Iroquois Confederacy was nearly a military power consisting of Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas.IT was founded in the late 1500s.The leaders were Degana Widah and Hiawatha. The Indians lived in log houses with relatives | Iroquis Conferderacy |
| tribe who had helped English settlers in Carolinas with Indian slave trade, but were later annihilated by the colonists when they tried to leave | Savannah Indians |
| had been under English rule; Catholics sough Spanish help to free them from England; Spanish troops crushed; caused many terrors to be inflicted on its people. | Ireland |
| John Calvin was responsible for founding Calvinism, which was reformed Catholicism. He writes about it in "Institutes of a Christian Religion" published in 1536. He believed God was all knowing and everyone was predestined for heaven or h | John Calvin |
| A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas bec | Anne Hutchinson |
| He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for challenging Puritan ideas. He later established Rhode Island and helped it to foster religious toleration. | Roger Williams |
| Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. | Henry Hudson |
| A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth Rock in 1620. He was chosen governor 30 times. He also conducted experiments of living in the wilderness and wrote about them; well known for "Of Plymouth Plantation." | William Bradford |
| A Dutch General; He led a small military expedition in 1664. He was known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English. He was governor of New Netherlands | Peter Stuyvesant |
| Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and sanctioned the anti-Puritan persecutions of the reactionary Archbishop William Laud. | Willaim Laud |
| 1635; a Boston Puritan, brought a group of fellow Boston Puritans to newly founded Hartford, Connecticut. | Thomas Hooker |
| English Quaker;" Holy Experiment"; persecuted because he was a Quaker; 1681 he got a grant to go over to the New World; area was Pennsylvania; "first American advertising man"; freedom of worship there. | William Penn |
| John Winthrop immigrated from the Mass. Bay Colony in the 1630's to become the first governor and to led a religious experiment. He once said, "we shall be a city on a hill." | John Winthrop |
| He was king of Spain during 1588. During this year he sent out his Spanish Armada against England. He lost the invasion of England. Philip II was also the leader against the Protestant Reformation. | King Phillip II |
| John Cotton, a puritan who was a fiery early clergy educated at Cambridge University, emigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution by the church of England. He defended the government's duty to enforce religious rules. He preached and | John Cotton |
| Head of the Dominion of New England in 1686, militaristic, disliked by the colonists because of his affiliation with the Church of England, changed many colonial laws and traditions without the consent of the representatives, tried | Sir Edmund Andros |
| John Calvin and the Puritans souls who have been destined for eternal bliss or eternal torment; since the beginning of time ; it was discussed by John Calvin in "Institutes of the Christian Religion" | The elect |
| The franchise (right to vote) was quickly given to all “freemen.” Freemen were adult men who were members of the congregation (later called the Congregational Church). | Franchise |
| was vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in the early 1600's. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them. | Patroonship |
| Primary idea behind Calvinism; states that salvation or damnation are foreordained and unalterable; first put forth by John Calvin in 1531; was the core belief of the Puritans who settled New England in the seventeenth century. | Predestination |
| colonial period; term used to describe indentured servants who had finished their terms of indenture and could live freely on their own land. | Freemen |
| A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled | Visible Saints |
| An intense identifiable personal experience in which God revealed to the elect their heavenly destiny. | Conversion |
| A doctrine believed by John Winthrop and many Puritans instructing them to do God's work. | Doctrine of Calling |
| A binding agreement made by the Puritans whose doctrine said the whole purpose of the government was to enforce God's laws. This applied to believers and non-believers. | Covenant |
| the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)( Anne Huthchinson) | Antimonianism |
| The Protestant Revolution was a religious revolution, during the 16th century. It ended the supremacy of the Catholic Church and resulted in the establishment of the Protestant Churches. Martin Luther and John Calvin were infl | Protestant Reformation |
| Separatists; worried by "Dutchification" of their children they left Holland on the Mayflower in 1620; they landed in Massachusetts; they proved that people could live in the new world | Pilgrims |
| New England Confederation was a Union of four colonies consisting of the two Massachusetts colonies (The Bay colony and Plymouth colony) and the two Connecticut colonies (New Haven and scattered valley settlements) in 1643. | New Enland Confederation |
| Set of beliefs that the Puritans followed. In the 1500's John Calvin, the founder of Calvinism, preached virtues of simple worship, strict morals, pre-destination and hard work. This resulted in Calvinist followers wanting to practice relig | Calvinism |
| One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymo | Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| In 1686, New England, in conjunction with New York and New Jersey, consolidated under the royal authority -- James II. Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for mor | Dominion of NEw England |
| Written by John Calvin, it contained four books which codified Protestant theology. Among these beliefs were the ultimate authority of the word of God, the depravity of man, and his belief that the Bible is the | Institutes of the Christian Religion |
| In the 1660's England restricted the colonies; They couldn't trade with other countries. The colonies were only allowed to trade with England. | Navigation Laws |
| 66. Great Puritan Migration- Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Ended in 1642 when King Charles I effectively shut off emigration to the colonies w | Great Puritan Migration |
| In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. | Glorious Revolution |
| They were a group of religious reformists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church. Their ideas started with John Calvin in the 16th century and they first began to leave England in 1608. Later voyages came in 1620 with the Pilgrims and in | Puritans |
| a Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's | General Court |
| Maintained profitable enterprises in the Caribbean Raided many places. Established outposts in Africa and a thriving sugar industry in Brazil. | Dutch West India Company |
| Pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620's who traveled over the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower. These were the purest, most extreme Pilgrims existing, claiming that they were too strong to be discouraged by minor problems as oth | Seperatists |
| The Bay Colony was a “Bible Commonwealth”—a democracy run on Biblical principles. | Bible Commonwealth |
| Members of the Religious Society of Friends; most know them as the Quakers. They believe in equality of all peoples and resist the military. They also believe that the religious authority is the decision of the individual (no outside influenc | Quakers |
| The Pilgrims set sail from Holland aboard the Mayflower | Mayflower |
| mid 1600's; a commitment made by the Puritans in which they seriously dwelled on working and pursuing worldly affairs. | Protestant Ethic |
| A contract made by the voyagers on the Mayflower agreeing that they would form a simple government where majority ruled.1620 | Mayflower Compact |
| In 1639 the Connecticut River colony settlers had an open meeting and they established a constitution called the Fundamental Orders. It made a Democratic government. It was the first constitution in the colonies and was a beginning | Fundamental Orders |
| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Deleware |
| New England Colonies | New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts |
| Metacom | Known as King Phillip to the Enlgish,started war that slowed the westward Expansion of colonists by decades. |
| As Connecticut settler pushed more inland indians grew upset and whites slaughtered the powerful tribe | Pequot Wars |
| With the defeat of the Yamasee all tribe in the southern colonies had been devastated | Yamasee War |
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baileyhendricks
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