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Pathology CH 9 & 10

QuestionAnswer
Endocrine System a collection of glands that secrete hormones
growth hormone released from pituitary gland & stimulates conversion of fuel into new cells
adrenaline aka epinephrine, a steroid hormone; is associated with short term high grade stress
cortisol steroid hormone that influences the metabolism of proteins
mineralocortcoids adrenal cortex secretions that help regulate electrolyte balance
insulin decreases blood glucose
glucagon increases blood glucose
thyroid hormones secreted by the thyroid gland, T3 & T4 stimulate the metabolism of fuel into energy
calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts to extract calcium from blood and add to bone density
parathyroid hormone antagonist of calcitonin, stimulates osteoclast activity
testosterone, estrogens, and progesterone steroid hormones, have to do with secondary sexual characteristics, menstrual cycle, maintaining pregnancy and a host of toehr issues
Diabetes Mellitus a group of related disorders that all result in hyperglycemia or elevated levels of sugar in the bloodstream; common signs- polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Hyperthyroidism the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of hormones that stimulate metabolism of fuel into energy, aka Graves disease
Hypothyroidism circulating levels of thyroid hormones are abnormally low, interferes with the body's ability to generate energy from fuel
Metabolic Syndrome aka Syndrome X, Dysmetabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Prediabetes, or Deadly Quartet; a cluster of 5 main features- high triglycerides, low high density lipoproteins, hypertension, central obesity, and high fasting blood glucose
Urinary System composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra
hematuria blood in the urine
filtration movement of substances through a membrane by external mechanical pressure
Kidney Stones aka Renal Calculi or Nephrolithiases; crystals sometimes developed in the renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis infection of the nephrons in the kidney
Kidney Failure aka Renal Failure, kidneys are not functioning adequately
Bladder Cancer growth of malignant cells in the urinary bladder, 4th leading cancer among men & 10th leading cancer among women
Interstitial Cystitis a condition in which the urinary bladder becomes small and inelastic
Urinary Tract Infection infection that may occur anywhere in the lower urinary system
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