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AP U.S. -
ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ca. 33,000-8000 b.c.e. | First humans cross from Asia to America |
| ca. 4000 bce | first civilized societies develop in the middle east |
| ca. 1000 c.e. | norse voyagers discover/settle in N. America |
| ca. 1100 c.e. | height of Mississippian settlement at cahokia |
| ca. 1100-1300 ce | christian crusades arouse European interest in the East |
| 1295 | marco polo returns to Europe |
| late 1400s | spain becomes united |
| 1488 | dias rounds southern tip of africa |
| 1492 | columbus land in the bahamas |
| 1494 | treaty of tordesillas between spain and portugal |
| 1498 | da gama reaches india. cabot explorers N.E. coast of N.america for england |
| 1513 | Balboa claims all lands touched by the pacific ocean for spain |
| 1513, 1521 | Ponce de Leon explores Florida |
| 1519-1521 | cortes conquers mexico for spain |
| 1522 | Magellan's vessel completes circumnavigation of the world |
| 1524 | verrazano explores eastern seaboard of N. america for france |
| 1532 | pizarro crushes incas |
| 1534 | cartier journeys up the st. lawerence river |
| 1539-1542 | coronado explores present day southwest |
| 1542 | cabrillo explores california coast for spain |
| 1565 | spanish build fortress at st augustine |
| late 1500s | iroquois confederacy founded |
| ca. 1598-1609 | spanish under Onate conquer Pueblo peoples of Rio Grande valley |
| 1609 | spanish found New Mexico |
| 1680 | Pope's Rebellion in New Mexico |
| 1680s | French expedition down Mississippi River under La Salle |
| 1769 | Serra founds first California mission, at San Diego |
| Canadian Shield | First part of the North American landmass to emerge above sea level. |
| Incas | occupied present-day Peru in the Andes MT until they were conquered by Spanish forces under Francisco Pizarro in 1532. developed terrace farming |
| Aztecs | controlled present-day Mexico until 1521, when they were conquered by Spanish Hernán Cortés. known for their advances in mathematics and writing, and their use of human sacrifices in religious ceremonies. |
| nation-states | dense concentrations of population |
| Cahokia | Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans. |
| three-sister farming | Agricultural system employed by North American Indians as early as 1000 A.D.; maize, beans and squash were grown together to maximize yields. |
| middlemen | dealers who operate between the original producers of goods and the retail merchants who sell to consumers. eleventh century, European exploration was driven by the fact that they wanted Asian gold w/o paying the Muslim middlemen |
| caravel | Small regular vessel with a high deck and three triangular sails. could sail more closely into the wind, allowing European sailors to explore the Western shores of Africa, previously made inaccessible due to prevailing winds on the homeward journey. |
| plantation | Large-scale agricultural enterprise growing commercial crops and usually employing coerced or slave labor. European settlers established plantations in Africa, South America, the Caribbean and the American South. |
| columbian exchange | The transfer of goods, crops and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492. |
| treaty of tordesillas | Signed by Spain and Portugal, dividing the territories of the New World. Spain received the bulk of territory in the Americas, compensating Portugal with titles to lands in Africa and Asia. |
| conquistadores | Sixteenth-century Spaniards who fanned out across the Americas, from Colorado to Argentina, eventually conquering the Aztec and Incan empires. |
| capitalism | Economic system characterized by private property, free trade, and open and accessible markets. European colonization of the Americas, and in particular, the discovery of vast bullion deposits, helped bring about Europe’s transition to capitalism. |
| encomienda | Spanish government’s policy to “commend,” or give, Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to Christianize them. Part of a broader Spanish effort to subdue Indian tribes in the West Indies and on the North American mainland. |
| noche triste | “Sad night”, when the Aztecs attacked Hernán Cortés and his forces in the Aztec capital, Tenochitlán, killing hundreds. Cortés attacked the city the following year, leading to the fall of the Aztec Empire and inaugurating three centuries of Spanish rule. |
| mestizos | People of mixed Indian and European heritage, notably in Mexico. |
| Battle of Acoma | Fought between Spaniards under Don Juan de Oñate and the Pueblo Indians in present-day New Mexico. Spaniards brutally crushed the Pueblo peoples and established the territory as New Mexico in 1609. |
| Pope's Rebellion | Pueblo Indian rebellion which drove Spanish settlers from New Mexico. |
| Black Legend | False notion that Spanish conquerors did little but butcher the Indians and steal their gold in the name of Christ. |
| Ferdinand of Aragon | Catholic monarch of Spain during Columbus' voyages. Married to Isabella |
| Isabella of Castile | Catholic monarch of Spain during Columbus' voyages. Married to Ferdinand |
| Christopher Columbus | Discovered lands across the Atlantic Ocean (the Americas). |
| Francisco Coronado | Explored a large portion of North America from present-day New Mexico to Kansas. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquered the Inca Empire. |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | a friar who was considered a protector of the native indians. |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquered the Aztec Empire. |
| Malinche (Dona Marina) | a totonac indian captured by the spanish. in an effort to free her own people from the Aztecs, she helped the spanish defeat them. |
| Moctezuma | Aztec emperor who lost his empire to Cortes |
| Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) | Explored the coast of Newfoundland for England. Gave grounds to the earliest English claims to the New World. |
| Robert de La Salle | Explored the Mississippi basin, which he named Louisiana. |
| Father Junipero Serra | Founded the mission chain in Alta California. |
Created by:
trincy
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