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myers psych chap 15
exploring psych myers chap 15 social psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Psychologist | Study how we think about, influence and relate to one another socially |
| Attribution Theory | The tendency to find something to attribute someone's behavior to |
| Fritz Heider | we have a tendency to give a cause or explanation for someone's behavior |
| Disposition attribution | attributing behavior to a person's disposition |
| Situation attribution | attributing behavior to a situation |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency to attribute more often towards disposition |
| Attitudes effect ________ and vice versa | Actions |
| Foot in the door Phenomenon | tendency for people who first agree with a small request to later comply with a larger one (example help at 6am) |
| social facilitation | refers to improved performance on tasks when in the presence of others |
| Tripp | worked with cyclists - applies only to well learned tasks - must be learned task...anxiety decreases |
| Social loafing | tendency of an individual in a group to exert less effort than when performing individually -somebody else will pick up the slack -decreased responsibility |
| De-individuation | Loss of self awareness - and self restraint in group situation - fosters AROUSAL and ANONYMITY - Mob metality |
| Group Polarization | Enhances a group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion – escalation of belief |
| Group Think | Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides the realistic appraisal of alternatives |
| Minority influence | the power of one or two individuals to sway majorities – examples Christianity civil rights movement technology advances |
| Prejudice | made up of beliefs (stereotypes), emotional response (hostility, fear, envy), predisposition to act and discriminate |
| prejudice vs discrimination | prejudice is a belief discrimination is the outward out |
| Role | A set of expectations about a social position |
| Phillip Zimbardo | The Stanford Prison Experiement |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | People feel discomfort when their actions conflict with their feelings and beliefs |
| What do we do to relieve cognitive dissonance | we justify our actions or modify our beliefs to bring out attitude more in line with our actions |
| Chameleon Effect | Natural tendency to mimic others |
| Conformity | Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
| Solomon Asch | line experiment to show conformity |
| Things that make conformity stronger in Asch's experiment | -one feels incompetent and insecure -group has at least three people -group is unanimous -admire the status or attractiveness -no prior commitment to response -others can observe behavior -cultural influence of social standard |
| Stanley Milgram | Shock experiment showing obedience |
| Things the make obedience stronger in Milgram's experiment | -perceived legitimate authority figure -prestigious institution -distance from victim -no role models for defiance |
| Overt vs subtle prejudice | we are far more subtle about our prejudices |
| Roots of prejudice | Social Emotional Cognitive |
| Roots of prejudice - social | Us VS Them groupings |
| In group | people we relate with or share a common identity |
| Out group | people that we don’t relate to or share a common characteristic |
| In group bias | we are biased towards those in our in group |
| Roots of prejudice - emotional | threat of life and scapegoat theory |
| Threat of life | put people automatically becomes a threatening “them" |
| Scapegoat Theory | having somebody to blame for anger or fear |
| Roots of prejudice - cognitive | Categorization and vivid cases |
| Categorization | putting things into groups becomes an issue when done to a degree that disregards WHY we stereotype and do it without question |
| Vivid cases | example is islam/terrorists |
| Aggression | is any physical or verbal behavior with the intent to hurt or destroy |
| Aggression - biological factors | Genetic influences |
| Aggression-Genetic influences | shown in twins Y chromosome |
| Aggression-Neurally speaking | amygdala |
| Aggression-Biochemical Influences | Hormones neurotransmitters and alcohol |
| Aggression-Psychological and social cultural factors | Averse events – example already in bad mood Models of aggression Social Scripts |
| Aggression- averse events | Fight or flight Aversive stimuli – temperatures etc |
| Aggression - Observing models of aggression | violent family member, child models on playground |
| Aggression - Social scripts | are culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations |
| Attraction is based off of | Proximity Physical Attraction Commonality/similarity |
| Two types of romantic love | passionate and companionate |
| passionate love | the key is arousal(on the bridge example) |
| companionate | deep steady affectionate attachment |
| Creating a long term relationship | equity self disclosure |
| Equity | a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give |
| Self-disclosure | revealing of intimate details about one’s self |
| Altruism | the unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| The bystander effect | tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other people are present |
| The social exchange theory | our social behavior is an exchange process in which we try to maximize benefits and minimize costs risk to odds |
| Reciprocity norm | expectation that people will help who have helped them |
| Social responsibility norm | expectation that people will help those who are dependent on them |
| Social traps | when the pursuit of self interest leads to collective harm want something and it doesn’t matter the cost |
| Mirror image perceptions | – mutual views often held by conflicting parties when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and the other as evil and aggressive |
| four c's of peacemaking | contact cooperation communication conciliation |
| contact | around each other gives opportunity for communication |
| cooperation | brings teams together-overrides competition and conflict Superordinate goals, shared goals that override differences |
| communication | sometimes need a third party mediator |
| conciliation | one side gives on one item…can reciprocate and come back from escalation gradually |
| roots of prejudice | social emotional cognitive |
Created by:
hkrawietz
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