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Bacterial Growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are obligate anaerobes? | cant tolerate oxygen |
| What are obligate aerobes? | aerobic organism that requires oxygen to grow |
| What are facultative anaerobes? | that can go either way (with molecular oxygen or no oxygen) is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation. (no oxygen) |
| What are aerotolerant anaerobes? | use oxygen but can tolerate it. is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. It could possibly react negatively and may even die if oxygen is present. |
| What are microaerophiles? | have oxygen but not very much |
| What is the way in which bacteria grows? | exponential growth |
| How are bacteria counted? | • viable count-often based on diluted sample • microscopic cell count • count based on cell mass |
| What is the lag phase? | metabolic ‘gearing up’ by bacteria; turning on/off genes. |
| What is the log phase? | the rate of division and the duration of the log phase are restricted by conditions and resources. Make as short as possible |
| What is the stationary phase? | nutrients are dwindling, toxic waste products are building up |
| What is the death phase? | Size of the viable population begins to fall, but cure flattens out eventually |
| What is a phototroph? | uses light |
| What is a chemotroph? | uses oxidation reduction reactions |
| What is a heterotroph? | uses organic compounds |
| What is a autotroph? | uses CO2 inorganic carbon |
| What is anabolism? | • Range of abilities to synthesize among the pathogens – simple to fastidious growth requirements, e.g., requiring growth factors – building blocks to macromolecules- needs range from only basic building blocks to pre-formed macromolecules |
| Describe catabolism? | • Multiple sources may serve as C, N and energy sources • Compounds may be degraded and assimilated by multiple pathways with multiple control mechanisms in play |
| Describe fermentation | • Catabolic reaction in which the primary electron donor and ultimate electron acceptor are organic and ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation |
| Describe respiration | • Catabolic reaction in which the electron donor may be organic or inorganic and the final electron recipient is inorganic, often oxygen (aerobic respiration) but may be CO2, sulfate or nitrate (can occur anaerobically; less efficient than aerobically, un |
| Enzymes that remove hydrogen peroxide and superoxide? | Superoxide dismutase Catalase Peroxidase |
| What are capnophiles? | They require high amounts of CO2 and low amounts of oxygen |
| Bacterial endospores | • Spores are able to survive heat, drying, UV irradiation, disinfectants • Spore formation involves shutdown of vegetative genes, and the engagement of sporulation genes |
| toxic oxygen derivatives | hydrogen peroxide and superoxide |
| What is bacterial metabolism? | Bacteria obtain energy and carbon in various ways |
Created by:
bspeight
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