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Nat. Review chpt. 16
Reproductive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gametes | Sex cells, sperm in males and ova in females |
| Gonads | Primary sex organs, produce gametes |
| Testes | Organs that produce spermatozoa in the male |
| Spermatozoa | Sperm |
| Ovaries | Organs that produce ova in the female |
| Ova | Eggs |
| Meiosis | Type of cell division in which gametes are produced, daughter cells contain 23 chromosomes |
| Erection | Process involving accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue of the penis due to vasodilation of the arteries in the penis, causes the penis to become rigid and elongated |
| Ejaculation | Expulsion of semen from the ejaculatory ducts through the urethra |
| Penis | External organ made up of three caverns of erectile tissue, contains the urethra, used to transport urine out of the body and to deliver semen into the female vagina during sexual intercourse |
| Corpora cavernosa | Two parallel chambers of the penis that, when filled with blood, produce an erection |
| Corpus spongiosum | Mass of spongy tissue |
| Glans penis | Distal portion of the penis, contains a high density of sensory nerve endings and serves as the area of highest sensitivity in the penis |
| Prepuce | Foreskin |
| Foreskin | Skin covering the glans penis |
| Scrotum | Sac located below the penis that contains the testes, contains a septum that compartmentalizes each testis, composed of connective and smooth muscle tissue |
| Dartos muscle | Helps adjust the position of the testes to the body to keep the temperature of the testes about 2-4 degrees lower then normal body temperature |
| Circumcision | Cutting away of the foreskin |
| Testes | Male reproductive glands, located in the cavity of the scrotum |
| Seminiferous tubules | Functional unit of the testis, long tubes in the testis that produce the sperm cells |
| Epididymis | Long flattened tubule attached to the superior portion of the testis, functions as a holding area where sperm mature, also transports sperm to the ductus deferens |
| Spermatic cord | Cord connected to the testes, made up of the ductus deferens, testicular blood vessels, nerves, cremaster muscle, and lymph vessels |
| Ductus deferens | Vas deferens |
| Vas deferens | Ciliated tube that conducts sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct |
| Seminal vesicles | Glands located posterior and inferior to the urinary bladder, produce and secrete an alkaline fluid composed of sugar, prostaglandins, and other nutrients, makes up about 60% of the total volume of semen |
| Ejaculatory duct | Small duct formed after the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicle, carries semen to the urethra |
| Prostate gland | Walnut-shaped gland located directly below the urinary bladder, surrounds the proximal urethra, is made up of smooth muscle that contracts to force the semen out during ejaculation, produces alkaline fluid that makes up about 35% of the volume of semen |
| Bulbourethral gland | Cowper's gland |
| Cowper's gland | Pea-sized gland located beneath the prostate, produces a lubricating fluid released upon excitation of the male before ejaculation to clear out urine residue in the urethra and lubricate the tip of the penis, makes up about 3% of the volume of semen |
| Urethra of the male | Long tube that extends from the bladder to the tip of the penis, transports urine and semen out through the penis |
| Ovulation | When the ovum follicle bursts releasing the ovum near the opening of the uterine tubes |
| Follicle | Small cavity in the ovary that stores the ovum, stumulates the ovum to mature in response to certain hormones |
| Menstrual cycle | Reproductive cycle during which the urterine linings develop in anticipation of fertilization, if fertilization does not occur these linings are shed, controlled follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone |
| Mestruation | Sheding of the uterine linings |
| Ovaries | Female gonads |
| Uterine tubes | Fallopian tubes |
| Fallopian tubes | Ciliated tubes that transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus, most common site for fertilization |
| Fimbriae | Finger-like projections of the fallopian tubes that surround the ovaries, sweep the ovum into the open end of the fallopian tube |
| Uterus | Organ shaped like an inverted pear, used for implantation of the fertilized ovum, growth of the embryo and fetus and delivery of the baby |
| Perimetrium | Outer serosal tissue surrounding the uterus |
| Myometrieum | Middle smooth muscle layer of the uterus |
| Endometrium | Inner mucosal layers of the uterus |
| Stratum functionale | One of the three layers of endometrium, the layer that is shed every month and becomes menses |
| Fundus of the uterus | Bulge at the top of the uterus |
| Cervix | Inferior portion of the uterus that protrudes down into the vagina |
| Cervical canal | Opening in the cervix through which sperm travels to fertilize the egg and the baby moves during parturition |
| Parturition | Process of giving birth |
| Vagina | Receives the erect penis during intercourse, functions as the pathway for the baby during childbirth |
| Birth canal | Vagina |
| Labia majora | Two large folds of skin covered with pubic hair that protect and contain other external genitalia, composed mostly of adipose tissue |
| Labia minora | Two small folds of tissue between the labia majora that protect the vestibule, composed of nonkeratinized tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves |
| Vestibule | Area between the labia minora where the urethral and vaginal orifices are found |
| Clitoris | Small, round organ found anterior to the urethral orifice, very high in sensory nerve endings, it's only function is for sexual stimulation |
| Breasts | Two lobes of adipose and glandular tissue positioned over the third through sixth ribs |
| Mammary glands | Modified sweat glands found in the breasts, produce and secrete breast milk |
| Areola | Circular, pigmented region in the middle of the breast that surrounds the nipple |
| Nipple | Where the openings for the mammary glands are found |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized ovum in the uterine tubes or peritoneum |
Created by:
skpoem
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