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AIDS Ch 3
| Answer | Hint |
|---|---|
| Blood | a system of circulating cells and fluids that carries out many important functions for the body |
| Functions of blood | transport of nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues, elimination of waste products and carbon dioxide from tissues, would repair and protection from infection by foreign agents. |
| Plasma | the cell-free fluid portion of blood |
| Serum | obtained from isolated blood by letting it stand and clot |
| Virus | small subcellular agents |
| Bacteria | small, single-cell microrgs, which have relatively simple genetic material |
| Examples of bacteria induced things | Tuberculosis and typhoid fever |
| Protozoa | single-cell microrgs that contain ore complicated genetic structures. |
| Examples of protozoa | amoebas and Giardia |
| Fungi | more complex microrgs that may exist as single cells or maybe organized into simple multicellular orgs |
| Example of fungi | yeasts and molds |
| Multicellular parasites | relatively large orgs such as roundworms and tapeworms |
| Three kinds of blood vessels | arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| Arteries function | carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues |
| Veins' function | carrys blood back to the heart from the tissues |
| Capillaries | thin-walled vessels in the tissues that connect the arteries with the veins, allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients and wastes betw the blood and tissues |
| Cells life span | 1-2 days or sev weeks, therefore must be continually replenished |
| stem cells | in bone marrow; replenish cells |
| What do stem cells first develop into? | commited precursors which either divide or differentiate into mature blood cells of a particular kind |
| Growth factors | needed for stem cells or committed pre to divide or differentiate |
| Ex of growth factor | interleukin 2 IL2 required by T lymphs |
| Red blood cells, erythrocytes | many, only single cell type; |
| Function of red blood cells | carry oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide away from them; |
| Hemoglobin | binds and carries oxygen and carbon dioxide within them. Gives blood red color. |
| white blood cells, leukocytes | fewer in number; several types |
| Megakaryoctyes | large white blood cells tha bud off subcellular fragments called platelets. |
| Platelets | circulate thru bloodstream and cause a clot if there is a break in blood vessel (wound repair) |
| Lymphocytes | respond to a specific foreign agent of substance or antigens |
| Cells that are not specific for the foreign agent they attack | phagocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and natural killer cells |
| Phagocytes | cells that attack and eliminate foreign cells or bacteria by engulfing or eating them |
| 2 kinds of phagocytes | macrophages and neutrophils |
| Macrophages | generally attack and engulf cells infected with viruses |
| Neutrophil | generally attack foreign bacteria |
| Function of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils | Attack infectious agents that are too large to be engulfted by a single blood cell e.g protozoa and worms |
| Antibodies | bind to the foreign agent in a specific fashion which tells phagocytes, mast or eosino to attack. |
| Antigen | a molecule or sub against which lymphocytes raise a response |
| B-lymphocytes | secrete soluble proteins called antibodies into the ciculatory system |
| Neutralizing antibodies | bind directly and inhibit the funtion of infectious agents such as viruses |
| T lymphocytes | make proteins (receptors) that recognize specific antigens. T do not release receptors, therefore T cell binds, not just receptor. |
| T Killer, cytotoxic | directly bind to cells carrying a foreign antigen |
| T helper | interact with B lymph or T killer and help them respond to antigens; CD4 |
| Natural killer cells | attacks and kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells |
Created by:
smartchick
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