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WH Final Stack
Brock Final Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Niccolo Machiavelli 1 | 1469 to 1527, wrote The Prince recognizing that princes of nations should be loved by their people, but also feared |
| Holy Roman Empire 2 | German leader, Chalemagne attempted to create a state that relied on the church rather than a German state, causing power to remain in the hands of the local princes. |
| Renaissance 3 | fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, a cultural movement that began in Florence, Italy, then moved into northern Europe, rebirth of classical Roman and Greek civilization that stressed science and secularism |
| Dante 4 | wrote The Divine Comedy, an example of humanist writing in which classical figures appear |
| secularism 5 | hallmark of the Renaissance, concern with the material world instead of with eternal and spiritual considerations, caused by the rising prosperity of the Italian cities, which shifted people's thoughts towards the material world |
| Johann Gutenburg 6 | developed movable metal type around 1450 |
| Martin Luther 7 | argued that salvation could be attained by faith alone and that the church was the entire Christian community, not just the clergy. Started the protestant reformation. |
| Protestant 8 | movement following Martin Luther's ideas, named for the meeting of German princes in 1529 to protest the Edict of Worms |
| Henry VIII 9 | set up the Anglican Church |
| Huguenots 10 | French Protestants who fought the Catholics |
| Louis XIV 11 | French king 1643 to 1715 who exemplified and inspired absolute monarchy |
| Versailles 12 | palace built by Louis IV to symbolize order and the king's power |
| Peter the Great 13 | absolutist monarch of Russia 1682 to 1725. Though Russia should be more like Western Europe. |
| Oliver Cromwell 14 | controlled the parliamentary army in the English Civil War and the commonwealth government, instituted a sort of Puritan military dictatorship which collapsed on his death |
| Glorious Revolution 15 | 1688 to 1689, Parliament bloodlessly replaced the Stuart monarchs with William and Mary, who recognized Parliament's supremacy once and for all |
| Line of Demarcation 16 | drawn by the Treaty of Tordesillas, gave Portugal trading rights in Asia, the East Indies, and eastern Brazil, and the Spanish trading rights in the Americas |
| mestizo 17 | racially mixed between European and Native American |
| liberalism 18 | ideology based on Enlightenment ideas that favored emancipating the individual from restraints, especially governmental, economic, and religious ones |
| Thomas Hobbes 19 | applied natural laws to society, observed after the English Civil War that people must enter into a contract with the ruler in which they give up some of their freedom to avoid a brutish state without laws |
| John Locke 20 | wrote during the Enlightenment that all people have natural rights and that the government must protect them in order to keep the consent of the governed, who have the right to rebel otherwise |
| sans culottes 21 | French lower classes, who had suffered inflation and food shortages and took to the streets prior to the French Revolution |
| Reign of Terror 22 | 1793 to 1794, put in place by the Committee of Public Safety after France declared war against Britain, Holland, and Spain. Led by Robespierre. |
| Waterloo 23 | where Napoleon's comeback was defeated |
| Mary Wollstonecraft 24 | argued for the elimination of economic and sexual inequality. Thought the key to equality was education. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women. |
| Karl Marx 25 | wrote the Communist Manifesto, which said that the bourgeoisie would be conquered by the proletariat in revolution as they had triumphed over feudal aristocracy, which would produce communism |
| Charles Darwin 26 | determinist who concluded in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection that life had evolved or changed on the basis of a struggle for survival |
| Suez Canal 27 | opened in 1869, cut the sea journey from Europe to India by half, a cause of imperialism |
| The Opium War 28 | Chinese imperial court tried to halt the opium trade in 1832, defeated, forced to cede Hong Kong to Britain, open five cities to foreign trade, and to accept low tariffs in the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 |
| Boxer Rebellion 29 | aimed at ousting foreigners in 1900 in China. It was led by the Society of Harmonious and Righteous Fists. |
| Great Depression 30 | started in the United States in 1929 and spread throughout the world, bringing extremist governments, and in the West, pacifism, isolationism, and appeasement, partially caused by the withdrawal of government involvement in the economy after World War I |
| Fascists 31 | Mussolini's party, ruled Italy as a one party state, both antidemocratic and anticommunist, advocated nationalism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, militarism, and idealism |
| Mohandas Gandhi 32 | led Indian national liberation starting in 1920 |
| Final Solution 33 | deliberate Nazi extermination of Jewish communities throughout Europe starting in 1941 |
| Iron Curtain 34 | declared by Winston Churchill to divide Europe into two camps during the Cold War |
| Berlin Wall 35 | built by the Soviets in 1961, sealed off East Berlin from West Berlin |
| Korean War 36 | lasted from 1950, when North Korea, heavily armed by the Russians, invaded the south, until an armistice signed at Panmunjom in 1953, division remains at the 38th parallel |
| Cuban Missile Crisis 37 | began when the United States issued an ultimatum to end missile shipments from the Soviet Union to Cuba and dismantle them |
| V. I. Lenin 38 | Bolshevik leader who orchestrated the Bolshevik takeover of the St. Petersburg and Moscow soldiers' and workers' soviets from his exile. Later, he started Comintern. |
| PRI 39 | Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party, claimed to represent all factions of Mexican politics, though Mexico City politicians gained the upper hand |
| Vincente Fox 40 | Mexican president elected 2000 in a democratic election, made reforms like a free press, stabilized economy, national health insurance, and credible voting procedures, but didn't reform the state owned oil monopoly aka PEMEX or stop migrants to the U.S. |
| Pakistan 41 | "land of the pure", created alongside India when both were freed from England after World War II. |
| Israel 42 | created by the Jews out of the former Palestine after the British mandate ended in 1948 |
| The Little Red Book 43 | a collection of Mao's sayings that became a bible of Chinese communism, in which Mao defined the enemy as the imperialist rather than than the capitalist |
| Ho Chi Minh 44 | leader of the Vietnamese Communist party educated in France and Russia, followed Mao's path of peasants |
| Fidel Castro 45 | instituted a communist government in Cuba, which became a Soviet satellite |
| Great Leap Forward 46 | program of industrialization launched by Mao after agricultural failures, displayed success because, as in the U.S.S.R., any gain was a leap forward |
| global warming 47 | rising average temperature of the earth, thought to be caused by pollutants |
| terrorism 48 | small-scale but violent attacks aimed at undermining a government or demoralizing a population |
| Osama bin Laden 49 | leader of Al Qaeda, used modern communication technology. Currently floating in the Indian Ocean. |
| genocide 50 | any effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Different from ethnic cleansing in that it refers to the complete removal of a group from Earth. |
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pikeville1
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