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APUSH terms
The Princeton Review for AP U.S. History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Passage | Passage in which Africans were taken onto ships over to the Americas to become slaves |
| encomiendas | grants to settlers that gave authority over Native Americans for the purpose of labor and assimilate into Spanish culture and Catholicism |
| evangelicalism | christianity based on emotionalism and spiritualism |
| headright system | a tract of land, usually 50 acres, that was granted to colonists and potential settlers in order to attract new settlers |
| indentured servitude | were promised seven years' labor for freedom and a small piece of land (voting rights) |
| joint-stock company | in 1607 Jamestown was founded by this, a group of investors who bought the right to establish New World plantations from the king such as the Virginia Company |
| mercantilism | economic power was rooted in a favorable balance of trade (export more than you import) |
| slavery | began in 1619 in the English colonies. They were used due to easy siting and because they were more immune to diseases and did not know land, so they couldn't escape. |
| salutary neglect | the government interfered in colonial affairs as little as possible |
| proprietary colony | colonies converted to royal colonies (their ownership was taken over by the king) |
| puritanism | desire to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic practices (Mayflower) |
| tariffs | tax on imported goods that might compete with English goods |
| bacon's rebellion | Virginia 1670s: farmer's want land West of Appalachians, but Berkeley (governor) would not allow them to create tension with Indians |
| glorious revolution in england | William and Mary overthrew James II in 1691. one reason for salem witch trialsin 1692 |
| the great awakening | 1730s and 1740s: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield preached Calvinism and Christianity. Also led to Enlightenment |
| King Philip's War | 1670s: King Philip of the Pokanokets led attacks on several settlements in retaliation for the intrusion on their territory (marks end of Native Americans in England Colonies) |
| King William's War | war against French and Native Americans on the Canadian Border |
| Pequot War | Pequots attacked a settlement in Wakefield and killed nine colonists and members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony retaliated by burning the Pequot village |
| Salem Witch Trials | 1692: 103 people tried and were jailed or executed |
| the "starving time" | John Smith 1609-1610 imposed martial law which helped people survive |
| Stono Uprising | first and most successful slave rebellion in 1739. They stole ammunition and guns and kelled storekeeperrs and planters and fled to florida asking spain for freedom |
| Anne Hutchinson | believed that faith and God's grace suffice to earn one a place among the "elect" |
| Benjamin Franklin | Enlightenment |
| George Whitefield | Great Awakening: spread Christianity |
| Huguenots | French Protestants |
| John Smith | Jamestown, starving time |
| Jonathan Edwards | Great Awakening: spread Calvinism |
| Pilgrims | 1620 landed in Plymouth on the Mayflower |
| Powhatan Confederacy | taught the English what crops to plant and how to plant them |
| Roger Williams | minister in the Salem Bay settlemt who taught a number of controversial principles among them that the church and state should be separate (later banished by Puritans and founded Rhode Island) |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | founded the Lost Colony in 1587 |
| The Chesapeake | single males, lives short, lived in small spread out farm communites, slavery, cash crops, diversity, rural |
| Jamestown | 1607 settlement |
| The lower South | cash crops, subsistence farmers, slavery |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | created by Congregationalists in 1629-1642 (The Great Puritan Migration) |
| New England | families, live longer than Chesapeake, lived in large close towns, more religious than Chesapeake, trade, subsistence farming |
| Middle Colonies | bread colonies, diverse |
| Act of Toleration | 1649: protected most Christians |
| Dominion of New England | an English government attempt to clamp down on illegal trade |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | first written constitution in British North America in 1635 |
| Halfway Covenant | 1662: baptize all children whose parents were baptized and those who had not experienced God's grace were not allowed to vote |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620s: created a legal authority and an assembly and asserted that the government's power derives from the consent of the governed and not from God |
| Navigation Acts | 1651-1673: required colonists to buy goods only from England and anything else economic can only be England related |
| Adam's midnight appointments | before he was out of office, he filled up the court with as many federalists as possible |
| assembly line | everyone in the workplace has a different assignment and is in a line doing his own job |
| freeport doctrine | popular sovereignty |
| frontier thesis | the frontier" shaped American character, defined American spirit, fostered democracy, and provided safety valve for economic distress in urban center by providing a play to flee |
| gospel of wealth | Carnegie: philanthropy |
| horizontal integration | created monopoles within a particular industry (standard oil under Rockefller); several small companies within the same industry are combined to form one |
| interchangeable parts | created by Whitney: gave birth to the machine-tool industry (sometime in 1800-1860): led to the assembly line |
| judicial review | marbury v. madison 1803 (during Jefferson's presidency) |
| lowell system | Massachusetts twon in which many mills were located; guaranteed employees housing, cash wages, and participation in cultural an social event organized by the mill (1840s, 1850s) |
| nativism | hatred of foreigners (Know-Nothing Party) |
| second bank of the united states | Jackson vetoed it and felt that it protected NOrtheastern interest at the expense of the West |
| first bank of the united states | Hamilton propsed this in late 1700s to help regulate and strengthen the economy (brought into consideration implied powers and enumerated powers); Madison rechartered it during War of 1812 |
| second party system | Jackson's presidency and would consist of the Whigs and Jacksonian Democrats |
| social darwinism | survival of the fittest |
| spoils system | Jackson's presidency: trade jobs for political favors |
| standard oil company | created by John D. Rockefeller (horizontal integration) |
| trust | ... |
| turner thesis | why frontier was so good (4 reasons) |
| us steel corporation | Carnegie? |
| utopian | ... |
| vertical integration | one company buys out all the factors of production, from raw materials to finished product. |
| war profiteering | overcharging the government for services and products |
| washington's farewell address | composed part by Hamilton, stay clear of alliances and stay neutral |
| "white man's burden" | Christianize and Civilize the Filipinos, who were unfit to rule themselves |
| yellow journalism | Pulitzer and Hearst: lurid tales of scandal |
Created by:
mkurtzweil
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