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neuro5 brain parts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The brainstem is located: | in front of the cerebellum and is connected to the spinal cord. |
| Brain stem consists of three structures: | the midbrain (mesencephalon), pons, and medulla oblongata. |
| The brainstem works as | a relay station, sending messages between various parts of the body and the cerebral cortex. |
| Many of the primitive functions that are essential for survival are located | within the brainstem. |
| The reticular activating system | is found within the midbrain, pons, medulla, and a portion of the thalamus. |
| Severe damage to the brainstem | will often result in “brain death” secondary to the key functions that are controlled within this area. |
| The majority of cranial nerves originate | in the brainstem. |
| The diencephalon is located | beneath the cerebral hemispheres and contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, optic tracts and optic chiasm, infundibulum, posterior pituitary gland, pineal gland, limbic system, and third ventricle. |
| The thalamus | is a relay station for a majority of information that goes to the cerebral cortex. It coordinates sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord that also have a role in sensation and movement. |
| The hypothalamus | receives information from the autonomic nervous system and assists in regulating hormones. |
| hypothalamus | controls functions such as eating, sexual behavior, and sleeping. It regulates body temperature, the adrenal glands, the pituitary gland, and many other vital activities. |
| The cerebellum | is located at the posterior of the brain below the occipital lobes and is separated from the cerebrum by the tentorium. |
| The cerebellum is responsible for . | fine tuning of movement and assists with maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of the limbs in space |
| The cerebellum controls | the ability to perform rapid alternating movements. |
| The fourth ventricle | lies anterior to the cerebellum. |
| Damage to one side of the cerebellum will produce impairment to | the same side of the body. |
| The cerebrum, | which encompasses the major portion of the brain, is divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres. |
| The two hemispheres are joined at the bottom by the | corpus callosum which relays information from one side of the brain to the other. |
| The surface of the cerebrum contains | billions of neurons and glia that form the cerebral cortex. |
| The outer surface of the cerebrum is termed | grey matter and below that is the white matter. |
| Sulci and fissures demark certain areas of | the brain called lobes. |
| Each lobe is responsible | for different functions. |
| The frontal lobe is responsible for | voluntary movement (primary motor cortex/precentral gyrus), intellect, orientation, Broca's area, speech, behavior, concentration, personality, temper. |
| The parietal lobe | receives information from other areas of the brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory, memory; provides meaning for objects |
| The right side of the temporal lobe is responsible for | visual memory and assists in recognition of objects and people's faces. |
| The left side temporal lobe is responsible for | verbal and general memory and assists with understanding language. |
| The rear of the temporal lobe enables humans to | interpret other people's emotions and reactions. |
| The occipital lobe receives and processes | visual information, colors, and shapes. |
| Meninges describe . | the three layers of connective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. There are blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the meninges |
| dura mater: | outer most meninge, has four folds, lines the periosteum of the skull and protects the brain |
| arachnoid: | the middle meninge, the arachnoid surrounds the brain in a loose manner |
| pia mater: | inner most meninge, covers the contours of the brain, forms the choroid plexus in the ventricular system |
| epidural space: | space occupied between the skull and outer dura mater |
| subdural space: | space occupied between the dura and arachnoid meninges |
| subarachnoid space: | space occupied between the arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF and the circulatory system for the cerebral cortex |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | is a clear fluid-like substance found within the brain that cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury. |
| CSF is produced | and found within the ventricles of the brain. |
| The choroid plexus within each ventricle | is responsible for CSF production. |
| The ventricular system is designed to | protect and nourish the brain; comprised of four ventricles and multiple foramen that allow the passage of CSF. |
| The basal ganglia consist of | five major nuclei located in the cerebrum and are responsible for cognition, voluntary movement, and control of motor responses. |
Created by:
micah10
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