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itgs vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| robot | a device that responds to a sensory input; program that runs automatically without human intervention |
| android | a robot or synthetic organism that is designed to act like a human |
| cyborg | a being with both artificial and biological components |
| sensors | device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or instrument |
| input sensor | detect what is going one in the environment |
| field | space allocated for a particular item of information. (example: a tax form contains a number of fields for your name, social security number, address, etc.) In a database they are the smallest units of information. Are also called cells. |
| key field | field or set of field of a database (generally relational database) table which together form a unique identifier for a database record (table entry). Aggregate of these field is usually referred to simply as "the key" |
| record | also known as a row. each row in a table represents a set of related data, and every row in the table has the same structure |
| search | to locate something you don't know the exact url for. (enter key terms into search bar) |
| query | request for information from a database. has three general methods. basically a "question" you ask the database, and the database locates the answer. |
| sort | arranges data in alphabetic or numeric order based on values in one or more fields. |
| database management system | a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information form a database. ranges from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes |
| mail merge | feature supported by many word processors that enable you to generate mass letters with different information |
| flat file database | simple database system in which each database is contained in a single table. |
| relational database | opposite of flat file database. able to use multiple tables to store information, each table can have a different record format. |
| data redundancy | some data are stored twice or that can be derived from other data. extra memory is taken up. |
| data integrity | process of ensuring that a database remains an accurate reflection of the real world application it is modeling. |
| data mining | a class of database applications that look for hidden patterns in a group of data that can be used to predict future behavior. |
| personal information manager | PIM, type of software application designed to help users organize random bits of information. |
| absolute reference | reference to a particular cell or group of cells that does not change, even if the shape or size of spreadsheet does. |
| active cell | cell in spreadsheet that is available for data manipulation. |
| auto sum | sample utility developed to emulate excel auto sum when you select range of cells and a value is given. (will automatically add up selected cells) |
| cell reference | column number and row letter of a cell. |
| cell | each indiviual box on a spreadsheet |
| cell format | way in which result or data in cell is displayed |
| column | vertical row of cells |
| label | descriptive text placed in a cell |
| macro | symbol, name, or ket that represents a list of commands. |
| range | one or more contiguous cells (selected cells) |
| relative | reference to a cell by indicating how far away it is from another. |
| replicate | creating and managing duplicate version of a database |
| row | horizontal group of cells |
| selecting | highlighting only a certain amount of cells in a spreadsheet to work on. |
| sheet tabs | are found at the bottom of the worksheet; allows navigation between sheets. |
| template | something that establishes or serves as a pattern for reference. |
| value | added to any product or service as the result of a particular process. |
| workbook | entire spreadsheet file |
| worksheet | table of values arranged in rows and columns |
| what if questions | involves changing data used in excel to give different answers |
| formatting | changing appearance of a document |
| spell check | checks for correct spelling |
| grammar check | checks gramamar |
| ASCII/Unicode | American Standard Code for Information Interchange; represents English characters and numbers, each of which are assigned a number from 0 to 127. |
| Used to dosplay Adobe System documents | |
| RTF | Standardized formalized for specifying formatting of documents |
| ergonomics | science concerned with designing safe and comfortable machines for humans |
| text | words, sentences, paragraphs, any typed thing. |
| page layout | refers to actual document page and its composition |
| word processing | using a computer to create, edit, and print documents |
| white space | blank space; unprinted area of a piece of printing |
| software application | computer software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks. (examples: enterprise software, accoutning software, office suits, graphics software, and media players) |
| shareware | software provided to user without payment on a trial basis. is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience. offered as download from internet website or as compact disc included with a periodical. |
| public domain | refers to ideas, information, and works that are publicly available, but in intellectual property law (copyrights, patents, trademarks) ____ refers to works, ideas, and information which are intangible to private ownership. |
| freeware | computer software available at no cost or for optional fee. almost always proprietary (privately owned) |
| commercial software | aka payware. computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial purposes. |
| integrated software | software for personal computers that combines the most commonly used function of many productivity software programs into one applications. |
| user manual | a user guide of user’s guide, also commonly known as a manual, if a technical communication document intended to give assistance to people using a particular system. |
| registration card | a card that gives identity to a particular person as well as a document certifying as an act of registering |
| serial number | a number assigned for identification. |
| warranty | an agreement between buyer and seller of goods of services detailing the conditions under which the seller will make repairs or fix problems without cost to the buyer. |
| copyright | the legal right guaranteed to an author, composer, playwright, or distributor to exclusive publication, production, sale or distribution of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. |
| license (single user) | restricted to one single user, owned by the license, not allowed to copy or install the software to another machine. |
| license (multi user) | not allowed to copy or install the software to another machine |
| license (site license) | permits installation of software on a specified number of computers within an organization, multiple users can use them simultaneously. |
| compression | permits installation of software on a specified number of computers within an organization, multiple users can use the software simultaneously. |
| decompression | compression data must be decompressed to be used, which may be detrimental to some applications. |
| back-up | a copy of one or more files created as an alternate in case the original data is lost or becomes unusable. You could save to backup files on your computer, a USB drive, or outside storage device. |
| backdoor | trapdoor. a method of bypassing normal authentication securing remote access to computer, obtaining access to a plaintext, etc. while remaining undetected. |
| upload | transmit data to central computer/location from a secondary computer or network |
| download | transmit data from central computer/location to smaller computer or network |
| wizard | utility that helps application run or system administrator of a chat room |
| GUI (graphical user interface) | Takes advantage of the computer’s graphical ability to make a program easier to use. |
| command-line interface | Every program that interacts with people responds to a specific set of commands. The set of commands and the syntax for entering them is called the user-interface and varies from one program to another. |
| voice recognition | the field of computer science that deals with designing computer systems that recognize spoken words. |
| text-deskilling | to mechanize or computerize a job or process to such an extent that little human skill is required to do it. |
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