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GA EOCT U.S.POST1865
STALLINGS; GA U.S. History EOCT; Key terms in U.S. History POST-1865;
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Supreme Court case, 1954, declared segregation doctrine of “separate but equal” was not Constitutional when applied to the public school system. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| U.S. Supreme Court decision; established legality of racial segregation so long as facilities were “separate but equal.” | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| totalitarian leader of Nazi Germany during World War II. | Adolph Hitler |
| nations united against Axis during World War II. Led by US. | Allied Powers |
| Scottish-born American industrialist who made his fortune in the steel industry. | Andrew Carnegie |
| politician from Tennessee; President following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. First President to be impeached (he was found not guilty). | Andrew Johnson |
| laws and regulations designed to protect trade and commerce from unfair business practices; to prevent monopolies. | Antitrust legislation |
| alliance of nations that opposed the Allies in World War II. Japan, Germany, & Italy. | Axis Powers |
| “Sultan of Swat,” baseball great played for New York Yankees, “Home Run King” until 1974, credited with saving the game of baseball after disgrace of the 1919 World Series. | Babe Ruth |
| delivery of supplies in a German city to circumvent the Soviet blockade. | Berlin Airlift |
| Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy in Latin America. | Big Stick Diplomacy |
| rapid new attack method used by Nazi Germany in WWII. | Blitzkrieg |
| During the Great Depression (specifically 1932), group of veterans protested in Washington, D.C. to receive “bonus” for fighting in World War I, though payment was not required until the next decade. | Bonus Army |
| Founder of Tuskegee Institute; U.S. educator and reformer; became prominent African American leader of his time. Author of Up From Slavery. | Booker T. Washington |
| nickname given to black soldiers with the U.S. Cavalry who helped to spread the U.S. westward in the decades following the Civil War. | Buffalo Soldiers |
| People who moved to the South during or following the Civil War and became active in politics, they helped to bring Republican control of southern state governments during Reconstruction and were bitterly resented by most white Southerners. | Carpetbaggers |
| piloted first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 aboard his airplane, The Spirit of St. Louis. | Charles Lindbergh |
| Law passed in 1882, forbade any laborers from China to enter the United States for 10 years. | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| Signed into law by President Johnson; law protected African Americans and women from job discrimination and any discrimination in public places. | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| name given to the relations between U.S. & Soviet Union in second half of 20th century which saw the buildup of nuclear arms. | Cold War |
| solution to the contested Presidential election of 1876 and furthermore brought an end to the period of Reconstruction following the Civil War. | Compromise of 1877 |
| American invention of John Audubon and others who wished to protect natural habitat from man in the 19th century. They lobbied consistently for parks and human exclusion from the wild. | Conservation Movement |
| general reduction in tension between Soviet Union and United States; late 1960s until the start of the 1980s. | Détente |
| President Taft's international relations influenced by economic considerations. | Dollar Diplomacy |
| US general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan (1880-1964). | Douglas MacArthur |
| term given to the area of the Great Plains most greatly affected during the Great Drought of the 1930's. | Dust Bowl |
| US general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961). | Dwight Eisenhower |
| amendment prohibited the sale and use of alcoholic beverages. | Eighteenth Amendment |
| order issued during the Civil War by President Lincoln ending slavery in the Confederate states. | Emancipation Proclamation |
| advocacy for or work toward protecting nature from destruction or pollution. | Environmentalism |
| tax on production, transportation, sale or consumption of a certain good or service. | Excise Tax |
| central banking authority in the United States; supervises commercial banks by monitoring accounts and controlling interest rates. | Federal Reserve |
| movement aimed at equal rights for women in the 20th century. | Feminist Movement |
| nickname given to women of the 1920s who wore their dresses short, their hair shorter, and lived a very active social life. | Flappers |
| U.S. Cavalry General whose unwise and reckless conduct got him and over 200 soldier of the Seventh Cavalry killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn | George Custer |
| A Native American movement in the 1890s that believed a ritualistic ceremony would result in the reanimation of Indian dead and the defeat of the white invaders into the West. | Ghost Dance |
| hypothesis that wealth was the great end and aim of man, the one thing needful. | Gospel of Wealth |
| group of American farmers who united in the late 19th century to lobby Congress to pass laws protecting them from unfair business practices of large industry. | Grangers |
| period of global economic crisis that lasted from 1929 to 1939. There was widespread poverty and high unemployment. | Great Depression |
| President Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic programs, among them VISTA, Job Corps, Head Start, the “War on Poverty,” and the Medicare and Medicaid programs. | Great Society |
| political party formed after the civil war, and opposed reduction in the amount of paper money in circulation. | Greenback Party |
| period during 1920’s of outstanding creativity centered in New York's black ghetto. | Harlem Renaissance |
| act of genocide carried out by Nazi Germany on Jewish population of Europe. | Holocaust |
| Legislation passed in 1862 allowing any citizen or applicant for citizenship over 21 years old and head of a family to acquire 160 acres of public land by living on it and cultivating it for five years. | Homestead Act |
| United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty. | Horatio Alger |
| tax levied on net personal or business income; 16th amendment. | Income Tax |
| policy of advocating participation in foreign countries affairs. | Interventionism |
| policy of nonparticipation in international affairs. | Isolationism |
| Reformer; founder of Hull House, a settlement house that helped immigrants of the late 19th century become acclimated to life in the United States, and was a pioneer in the field of social work. | Jane Addams |
| Laws requiring that facilities and accommodations, public and private, be segregated by race. | Jim Crow Laws |
| New York industrialist; made hundreds of millions of dollars in the 19th century with Standard Oil Company and pioneered the corporate strategy of vertical integration. | John D. Rockefeller |
| 35th President of the US, known for authorizing the failed “Bay of Pigs” invasion, successfully leading the country during the “Cuban Missile Crisis,” and for being assassinated; Dallas, Texas, November, 1963. | John F. Kennedy |
| national conflict in an Asian country aided by Russia in the North and the U.S. in the South (1950-1953). | Korean War |
| secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terrorism. | Ku Klux Klan |
| French term; means “to leave alone; let do”; philosophy that government should stay out of the affairs of businesses. | Laissez-faire |
| sinking of this ship brought the U.S. into WWI. | Lusitania |
| associated with confrontational Civil Rights protest; leader in Nation of Islam in US; early advocate of “Black Power,” became a more moderate voice in the Civil Rights movement before his assassination in 1965. | Malcolm X |
| Following World War II, called for giving away billions of dollars in aid to help rebuild war-torn Europe, with the purpose of creating a viable trading partner and post-war allies. | Marshall Plan |
| Term for unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty to the US (by saying they were Communists, usually with sketchy or no evidence). | McCarthyism |
| when one company controls the market for a certain product, there is no competition. | Monopoly |
| group of authors and journalists wrote of horrible working conditions in American industry in the early 20th century, resulting in more governmental protection of workers. | Muckrakers |
| oldest and largest U.S. civil rights organization. Members of this have referred to it as The National Association. | NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) |
| agreement signed in 1993 to reduce tariffs between the United States, Canada, and Mexico | NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) |
| late 19th century political and social movement in US, its followers believing that all people not born in the U.S. and were of European heritage should be banned from the country. | nativism |
| international organization created by the U.S. and allies in 1949 to prevent attacks by the Soviet Union. | NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
| programs and policies to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930's by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. | New Deal |
| Woodrow Wilson's plan to break up monopolies and regulate business. | New Freedom |
| amendment gave women the right to vote. | Nineteenth Amendment |
| D-Day; Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of western Europe that began on June 6, 1944. | Normandy Invasion |
| Nazi World War II criminals were tried during these before an international tribunal. | Nuremburg War Trials |
| U.S. foreign policy that all countries should have equal access with China. | Open Door Policy |
| freely competitive market operating without government-imposed restrictions. | Open Market |
| movement in the early 1900s which resorted to violent crime. | Organized Crime |
| people opposed to violence to attain end goals. | Pacifists |
| connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through Central America. | Panama Canal |
| U.S. Naval base attacked by the Japanese that brought the U.S. into WW II. | Pearl Harbor |
| Payment meant to keep certain groups of people (mainly former slaves and African-Americans) from being allowed to vote. | poll tax |
| movement that advocated state control of railroads and currency expansion. | Populist |
| political reform movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to protect working class citizens. | Progressive Movement |
| outlawing of the sale, production, or transportation of alcoholic beverages. | Prohibition |
| period after WWI; massive upheaval in the U.S. and fear of many foreigners; characterized by widespread fears of Communist influence on U.S. society and Communist infiltration of the U.S. government. | Red Scare |
| American capitalists; latter 19th century; became wealthy through exploitation (as of natural resources, governmental influence, or low wage scales). | Robber Barons |
| policy reasserted the U.S. position as protector of the Western Hemisphere. (addition to Monroe Doctrine) | Roosevelt Corollary |
| regiment in the Spanish-American War organized and led by Theodore Roosevelt; included cowboys, miners, policemen, and college athletes. | Rough Riders |
| murder trial in Massachusetts, 1920; stirred national emotion about the death of two Italian immigrants. | Sacco and Vanzetti Case |
| brought about due to the teaching of evolution in a Tennessee classroom. | Scopes Trial |
| amendment provided for the direct election of U.S. senators. | Seventeenth Amendment |
| amendment made personal income tax permanent.. | Sixteenth Amendment |
| theory that people are subject to natural selection and wealth was a sign of superiority. | Social Darwinism |
| federal government program; provides income support to people who are unemployed, disabled, or over the age of 65. | Social Security |
| Cold War competition between the U.S. and Soviet powers for space exploration. | Space Race |
| conflict in which the U.S. gained many island territories, especially Puerto Rico and the Philippines. | Spanish American War |
| Roosevelt's plans to help safeguard the rights of workers. | Square Deal |
| 26th President of the US; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama canal built during his administration; said `Speak softly but carry a big stick` (1858-1919). Considered by many to be the nation's first conservation President. | Theodore Roosevelt |
| “Wizard of Menlo Park,” ; famous for hundred of inventions, including incandescent light bulb, phonograph, and Dictaphone. | Thomas Edison |
| centralized government that does not tolerate opposing political opinions. | Totalitarian |
| philosophical and literary movement; believed there was an existence of an ideal spiritual reality, rising above the material and scientific. | Transcendentalism |
| US would aid any nation in resisting growing threat of communism and became the guiding force of American foreign policy during the Cold War. | Truman Doctrine |
| Created by Congress as one of the major public-works projects of the New Deal, this built a system of dams in the southeast. | TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) |
| international organization created following World War II to provide a way to negotiate disputes. | United Nations |
| rise in a society's city population. Rise of big cities. | Urbanization |
| military alliance between the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe. | Warsaw Pact |
| This was a British statesman and leader during World War II. | Winston Churchill |
| movement to give females the right to vote. | Women's Suffrage |
| 28th President of the United States; led US in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924). | Woodrow Wilson |
| Created in 1935 under the New Deal, it aimed to stimulate the economy during the Great Depression and preserve the skills and self-respect of unemployed persons by providing them useful work. | WPA (Works Progress Administration) |
| use of sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation. | Yellow Journalism |
| Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. during WWI | Zimmerman Note |
| The National Labor Relations Act of the Wagner Act of 1935 was created by Congress to protect workers' right to unionization. | Wagner Act |
| Supreme Court ruling established "separate but equal" - establishments for blacks and whites can be separate but they must be equal | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
| political party boss in New York City - corruption - embezzled close to 200 million dollars - was brought down by political cartoons of Thomas Nast | William "Boss" Tweed |
| wealth goes to the most capable - "survival of the fittest" | Social Darwinism |
| Author of The Jungle - reform the meat-packing industry - Results - Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act | Upton Sinclair |
| harsh treatment of Cubans, American investors lost agricultural trade, yellow journalism - sensationalism (Explosion on the U.S.S. Maine- newspapers blamed Spain - it was actually caused by an explosion in the ship) | Causes of the Spanish-American War |
| Spain gave up Cuba, gives Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States and the United States pays $20 million for the Philippines | Results of the Spanish-American War |
| military conscription and draft laws; requires men to register at age 18 | Selective Service Act |
| relocation destination of 100,000 Japanese-Americans (in the U.S.) during WWII | Japanese Internment Camps |
| Supreme Court case that upheld the government relocation of Japanese-Americans; citing military urgency - 1919 - Schenck v. United States - "clear and present danger | Korematsu v. United States |
| Goal of the U.S. during the Cold War; keep communism where it is and not allow it to spread. | Containment |
| After WWII Korea was divided into two nations; the North was controlled by | The Soviet Union |
| After WWII Korea was divided into two nations; the South was controlled by | The United States |
| Supreme Court case that created the Miranda warning; the formal warning that is required to be given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial situation) before they are interrogated. | Miranda v. Arizona |
| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Miranda v. Arizona; Head of the Commission to investigate the assassination of JFK. | Earl Warren |
| School in Little Rock Arkansas - Pres. Eisenhower sent in troops to escort African-American students to school | Central High School |
| Civil Rights leader; "I have a dream” speech; March on Washington; Use of "soul force" - civil disobedience | Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| If one nation falls to communism - others will fall | Domino Theory |
| allows the President to "take all necessary action to protect American interest" in the region- 500,000 troops were sent to the region | Tonkin Gulf Resolution |
| an attack on South Vietnam by the North and the Viet Cong (those in the south that supported the North) | Tet Offensive |
| First American president to travel to China & the Soviet Union | Richard Nixon |
| Only American President to resign from office; his resignation prevented impeachment; resigned due to the Watergate Scandal | Richard Nixon |
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