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11th Grade History
EQT Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe America's "neutral" policy at the begining of WWII. | The US would not aid any fighting nation, but could trade with them using a policy called cash and carry. |
| Why did the US enter WWII? | The attack on Pearl Harbor. |
| What measures did Joseph Stalin use to control the people of the Soviet Union? | He used terror and purges. |
| Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? | To cripple the US fleet to continue conquering Asia for raw materials in hope the US would not recover in time. |
| How did the government and the economy of the Soviet Union change under Stalin? | Took over businesses and combined small family farms into large collectives. |
| Which two countries signed a nonaggression pact that eliminated the danger of a Soviet attack from the East? | Germany and USSR |
| The Battle of Britain: What countries were involved? | Germany and Britain |
| What was the role of Winston Churchill? | Britain's Prime Minister |
| The Battle of Britain: What type of battle was it? | Air |
| The Battle of Britain: What was the outcome? | The British won because the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful so Germany would not invade. |
| Which country controlled most of Western Europe by 1940? | Germany |
| Did Japan ally himself with the Axis Powers or the Allies? | Axis Powers |
| What two countries declared war on the US after we declared war on Japan? | Germany and Italy |
| How did the Axis Powers get its name? | An "axis" between Rome and Berlin, the capitals of Italy and Germany. |
| After Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia and made a pact with Stalin, which country did he invade next? | Poland |
| What was the major US focus during the 1930's? | Domestic Affairs |
| What was the purpose of Chamberlin's appeasement policy? | To avoid war with Germany. |
| Which historical event contributed to the rise of facism in both Italy and Germany, as well as the rise of totalitarianism? | WWI |
| Define Lebensraum. | "living space", Germany's goal with getting more territory. |
| What happened at the city of Dunkirk? | The greatest rescue in warfare history. |
| What is Nazism? | Extreme form of facism used by Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany. |
| Define Blitzkrieg. | "lightning war", used by Hitler in Poland. |
| What were the Neutrality Acts? | A series of acts that limited international involvement. |
| What was the goal of the American First Committee? | This group of isolationists wanted the US to stop sending aid to Britain. |
| What was the Manchurian Incident? | When the Japanese Army decided to take their own action and seize all of Manchuria. |
| What were the weaknesses of the Maginot Line? | The guns only faced one direction and it only protected one border. German forces were able to get around the line and it became useless. |
| How did Nazis strip Jews of German citizenship? | Passed the Nuremberg Laws. |
| What was the Final Solution? | To kill all the Jews. |
| What is genocide? | Organized the killing of a group of people (to eliminate all of Europe's Jews). |
| Nazi's systematic murder of European Jews... | Holocaust |
| What jubs did women hold for the first time during WWII? | steelworkers and welders |
| How did the US government meet the demand for war materials? | By producing war goods for Allied forces. |
| How were Afr/Am soldiers treated during WWII in the North? | They faced descrimination in employment, housing, and education. |
| How were Afr/Am soldiers treated during WWII as soldiers in the military? | They fought in segregated units. |
| Who were the "code talkers" and what did they do? | Navajo radio operators who secured US communication in the Pacific. |
| Why did the Americans not spend much of the money they earned in wartime jobs? | There was a shortage of consumer items available. |
| What did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) believe? | Using nonviolent techniques to end racism |
| What happened to Japanese-Americans during WWII and why? | They were confined to camps due to intense anti-Japanese sentiments and the fear of sabotage |
| What was FDR and Churchill's main strategy at the beginning of WWII? | To concentrate on winning the war in Europe. |
| Which battle in Eastern Europe was the turning point for Germany when they suffered defeat? | Stalingrad, Russia |
| In what part of the world were the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal? | The Pacific Theater |
| What happened to Germany at the end of WWII? | It was divided into four parts; one part governed by Britain, one by the U.S., one by the Soviet Union, and one by France. |
| After WWII, what organization was formed out of the Atlantic Charter? | The United Nations |
| What was General MacArthur forced to do when the Japanese advanced against his troops? | Leave the Phillipines |
| What battle ended the Japanese offensive in 1942? | Batlle of Midway Island |
| Explain the significance of D-Day. | The landing of Allied forces on the Normandy coast of France |
| Explain the significance of VE Day. | May, 8 1945 -- the end of the war in Europe (VE = Victory in Europe) |
| Explain the significance of the Manhattan Project. | The secret U.S. project to develop an atomic bomb |
| Explain the significance of the atomic bomb (end of war). | President Truman decided to authorize dropping atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan |
| Explain the significance of the Selective Training Service Act. | To draft young men for the military forces |
| Explain the significance of Nuremberg Trials. | Nazi war criminals were tried in Nuremberg, Germany and this established the concept that individuals are responsible for their own actions in war |
| Explain the significance of the Battle of the Bulge. | After this battle, most German Nazi leaders recognized the war was lost |
| Explain the significance of Rosie the Riveter. | Popular name for women who worked in war production jobs |
| What helped the US emerge from the Great Depression? | Producing goods for the Allied forces |
| Who made the final decision to drop the atomic bomb? | Harry S Truman |
| After the Allies gained control in Africa, what was their next target? | Italy |
| Explain the significance of The Truman Doctrine. | Truman promised US support of nations who were trying to resist Soviet control. Congress gave $400 million to Turkey and Greece. |
| Explain the significance of HUAC. | House Un-American Activities Committee, a committee that charged Hollywood figures of being sympathetic to Communist ideas and created a blacklist that cost many film jobs in Hollywood and elsewhere. |
| Explain the significance of Julius and Ethal Rosenberg. | Accused of passing atomic secrets to the Soviets |
| Explain the significance of deterrence. | Policy of making the military power of the US so strong that no enemy would dare to attack for fear of retaliation. |
| Who dominated the Satellite Nations? | The Soviet Union. |
| Where were the Satellite Nations located? | Eastern Europe |
| How did the US respond to the Soviet Blockade of West Berlin? | They responded with the Berlin Airlift. |
| Why did the Soviet Union build the Berlin Wall? | To close an escape route to the west. |
| What was the cause of the Berlin Airlift? | Soviet blockaded access to West Berlin. |
| What was NATO's principle? | Collective security. |
| Why did nations join NATO? | To protect themselves from Soviet aggression. |
| How did the Soviets respond to NATO? | By forming the Warsaw Pact. |
| Identify the 38th Parallel. | The designated divider between noth and South Korea. |
| What was the result of America's involvment in the Korean War? | Korea remained divided at almost the exact same place as before, but South Korea remained free and not Communist. |
| Why was MacArthur fired? | MacArthur was insubordinate. |
| What reason did the US become involved in Middle Eastern affairs after WWII? | To provent Soviet influence in oil-rich Arab countries. |
| What did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decide at the Yalta conference? | To divide Berlin into four areas. |
| What was the purpose of the Federal Employee Loyalty Program and the McCarthy hearing? | To expose Communists in US government. |
| For fifty years, what was the characteristic of the Cold War? | Political conflict and military tensions. |
| How did Truman react to the USSR's development of an atomic bomb? | He gave approval to develop an even more powerful bomb. |
| When did Senator Joseph McCarthy's power fade? | After he made accusations about the US Army during televised Congressional hearings. |
| During the "Cold War" what was the purpose of containment and deterrence? | To restrict the spread of Communism (containment) and to keep the US and its Allies so strong. |
| Which nation successfully orbited the satellite Sputnik in 1957 to start the space race during the Cold War? | the Soviet Union |
| How did the U-2 incident affect American public opinion and policy? | Americans wanted to build up the military. |
| What happened in the US after the launching of Sputnik? | It caused Congress to spend more money on teaching science and mathematics. |
| What was the new role of women in the 1950's? | More women held paying jobs than ever before. |
| What was one result of the baby boom? | Families moved from the cities to the suburbs. |
| Explain the popularity of rock-and-roll. | It gave teenagers a style that they could call their own. |
| Describe Dr. Benjamin Spock's and Betty Friedan's views about the role of women. | Dr. Spock thought women should stay home and raise the children while Betty Friedan felt that women should work outside the home. |
| How did television help the economy? | Through advertisements. |
| Describe the effects of major highway building in the 1950's. | Less reliance on public transportation. |
| How did Eisenhower, Coolidge, and Hoover feel about big business? | They all favored big business. |
| What was the accepted role of women during the 1950's? | Manage the household. |
| What did religion and rock-and-roll have in common in the 1950's? | They were diverse trends. |
| What happened when the government lifted price controls after WWII? | Prices rose faster than wages. |
| Identify and explain the significance of William J. Levitt. | Mass-produced houses, making them more affordable. |
| Identify and explain the significance of evangelists. | Popularity of evangelists. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Truman's greatest challenges in reconverting to a peacetime economy. | Keeping inflation in check. |
| Identify and explain the significance of G.I. Bill of Rights of 1944. | Legislation that allowed WWII veterans to attend college for free and provided housing assistance. |
| Identify and explain the significance of beat movements, beatniks. | A movement by artists and writers that was an expression of their non-conformity. |
| Identify and explain the significance of credit cards. | Easy and convenient to use. |
| Identify and explain the significance of computers. | Smaller and faster. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Truman's Fair Deal. | Extended the New Deal's goals. |
| What policy did King and other members of the SCLC encourage in order to achieve a victory in the struggle for civil rights? | non-violent protest |
| What teaching of Gandhi influenced Dr. King? | non violence |
| Dr. King was a founder and the first president of what organization? | Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC) |
| Why did MLK target Birmingham, Alabama? | It was considered to be the most segregated city in the US? |
| How did many people, even opponents of civil rights movement, feel after watching televison coverage of the happening in Birmingham? | They were appalled by the violence. |
| Who wrote he famous "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"? | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. |
| What did the brutality against African Americans in Birmingham prompt Prresident Kennedy to do? | To propose a stronger civil rights bill. |
| Why did President Eisenhower call out the Arkansas National Guard in 1957? | To enforce school integration in Little Rock, AR. |
| Where did the Freedom Riders encounter resistance? | Alabama |
| What was the goal of the Freedom Riders? | To test a US Supreme Court decision requiring desegregation of buses. |
| Why did the Freedom Riders receive federal help? | Because they were violently attacked. |
| What did the black power movement suggest that African Americans do? | Separate from white society and lead their own communities. |
| Why did President Kennedy move slowly on civil rights issues? | To avoid upsetting Southern Democratic Senators. |
| Why was the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party organized? | To send delegates to the Democratic National Convention. |
| Discuss Strokely Carmichael's effect on the SNCC. | It became a more militant organization. |
| What did the Black Panthers want African Americans to do? | Lead their own communities. |
| Which leaders were assassinated in 1968? | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Senator Robert F. Kennedy |
| Define de jure and de facto segregation. | de jure is segregation required by law and de facto is segregation that occurs by habit and tradition . |
| Who was the president that desegregated the military? | Truman in 1948 |
| What was the goal of the March on Washington in 1963? | To convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation. |
| What were the highlights of the March on Washington? | Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. |
| What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? | Prohibited discrimination in public accommodations. |
| What did Lyndon Johnson have to do to gain passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? | He overcame Senate filibusters. |
| Who organized the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)? | African American ministers |
| What consequences faced protesters involved in "sit-ins"? | They spent time in jail. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Freedom Summer. | In 1964, civil rights groups targeted Mississippi for a voter registration drive for minorities. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Selma March. | March with a goal of getting votiong rights legislation passed in Alabama. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Voting Rights Act of 1965. | Allowed African Americans to be registered to vote and many were elected to public office. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Brown v. Board of Education. | US Supreme Court decision overturning the "separate-but-equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson. |
| Identify and explain the significance of James Meredith. | First African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi. President Kennedy had to send troops to restore order and protect Meredith. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Malcom X. | A member and leader in the Nation of Islam who encouraged African Americans to separate from white society and was later assassinated. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Rosa Parks. | One of the most important symbols of the civil rights movement, Posa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery City bus to a white. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Jackie Robinson. | The first African American Major League baseball player. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Twenty-Fourth Amendment. | Eliminated poll taxes. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Thurgood Marshall. | First African American US Supreme Court justice. |
| Who established the Peace Corps and why? | John F. Kennedy, to help underdeveloped countries and promote mutual understanding. |
| Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall? | To prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West. |
| What was the purpose of the Immigration Act of 1965? | To eliminate quotas restricting immigration from certain countries. |
| What challenge did John F. Kennedy give to the nation and NASA? | To land a man on the moon and bring him safely back before the end of the decade. |
| Who established the Alliance for Progress and why? | John F. Kennedy, to discourage the spread of Communism in Latin America. |
| Where was the Bay of Pigs and why was it important? | Cuba- it was the site of an ill-fated, US- backed attempt by anti-Castro forces to land and overthrow the Castro regime. |
| How did the Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s affect apportionment (baker v. Carr)? | They required that districts be redraw to "one person, one vote". |
| Why did JFK increase military spending? | He was afraid that the Soviets would take over Europe. |
| What was a major guiding principle behind the foriegn policies of Kennedy and Johnson? | To stop the spread of Communism. |
| What was JFK's campaign promises in the 1960 elections? | To get American economy moving again. |
| What did the television debates show in the 1960 elections | Kennedy was more polished than Nixon |
| What was the outcome of the election of 1960? | Kennedy won by a very small margin. |
| What were some obstacles JFK faced during the election? | Kennedy's age and religion. |
| What did Lyndon Johnson do as a senator? | He was able to accomplish his political goals. |
| Why was the Great Society created? | To promote healthcare legislation. |
| What was the outcome of the 1964 elections? | Lyndon Johnson won by a landslide because of Goldwater's radical views, Johnson received a strong mandate. |
| What was one criticism of economic programs? | Federal government was giving to much power and too much money to the poor people. |
| Identify and explain the significance of JFK's lack of support in Congress. | Caused him to have a weak domestic record. |
| Identify and explain the significance of Warren Court(What was the focus?). | Protecting the Constitutional rights of citizens accused of crimes. |
| Identify and explain the significance of the Cuban Missle Crisis (What was it and what was the result?). | |
| Identify and explain the significance of the Warren Commission. | |
| Identify and explain the significance of Great Society (parts of and criticism of. | |
| Identify and explain the significance of Lee Harvey Oswald. | |
| Identify and explain the significance of New Frontier goals. | |
| Identify and explain the significance of Warren Supreme Court. |
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