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19 and 21 test rev
(Robbins) Ch. 19 and 21 Test Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
people who start their own business. | entrepreneur |
Name of a utopian socialist. He set up a model community in Scotland. | Robert Owen |
British utilitarians | Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill |
term that means working class | proletariat |
movement to cities | urbanization |
Private toll road | turnpike |
any pain preventing drug | anasthetic |
apartment building in which the working class lived | tenement |
He improved the steam engine | James Watt |
He established a link between microbes and disease | Louis Pasteur |
invented the radio | Guglielmo Marconi |
movement for women's voting rights | women's suffrage |
measure of how well humans are living - infant mortality, life expectancy, per capita income, general quality of life | standard of living |
he invented dynamite | Alfred Nobel |
style of painting that relied on the viwer's eye to blend brush strokes into patches of color | impressionism |
romantic composer who composed "Moonlight Sonata" Very emotional. | Beethoven |
shares of ownership in a corporation | stock |
movement to limit or ban alcohol | temperance |
rebuilding poor areas of a city | urban renewal |
A machine that could separate seeds from raw cotton | cotton gin |
In what industry did the first factories begin? | textiles |
labor organization that blamed machines for working class problems | luddites |
His experiments led him to produce less expensive, better quality iron | Abraham Darby |
He believed that population size would outpace the food supply. He also believed that disease was a natural means of population control | Thomas Malthus |
What is the "iron law of wages"? | Wage increases will nit raise the standard of living of poor families. |
What philosophy states as a goal "the greatest happiness for the greatest number." | utilitarianism |
According to Karl Marx, what created prosperity for a few and poverty for many? | capitalism |
What led to the enlargement of farms in the 1600s and 1700s? | enclosure |
What did Abraham Darby use to smelt iron? | coal |
How did the slave trade help Britain industrialize? | Source of investment capital |
Method of producing cloth in individual homes | putting out system |
Who lived in tenements? | working class |
The "factory acts" were supposed to address what problem? | child labor |
Who was usually paid less - men or women? | women |
According to laissez faire economists, what should be done about poverty? | the market should be kept free of government involvement |
According to this philosophy, the solution to poverty and injustice was shared ownership of the means of production | socialism |
Which Asian country rapidly industrialized because of a change in political attitude regarding modernization | Japan |
Who invented the dynamo | Michael Faraday |
A production method in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process | assembly line (mass production) |
Why did the population grow rapidly in Europe between 1800 and 1900? | medical advancements |
Women's place is within the home. Women are better nurturers than men. Men are best suited for the public sphere of politics | cult of domesticity |
What theory applied the idea of natural selection to the developemnt of business and society? | social darwinism |
Movement in art and literature that was a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason | romanticism |
Art and literature movement that showed life as it really was | realism |
Which European country had the resources to industrialize, but lagged behind in political and economic development so it was late to industrialize? | Russia |
What did the bessemer process produce? | steel |
A company that sells stock | corporation |
Single seller of a product | monopoly |
Who urged the sterilization of surgical equipment? | Joseph Lister |
What did women need to have to be fully effective in the abolition and the temperance movement? | the right to vote (suffrage) |
He took realistic pictures of the Civil War | Matthew Brady |
According to Charles Darwin, what was central to evolution? | natural selection |