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GA EOCT U.S.PRE-1865
STALLINGS; GA U.S. History EOCT; Key terms in U.S. History pre-1865;
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Written by Thomas Paine in early 1776, it said that continued American loyalty to Britain would be absurd, and independence was the only rational thing for colonists to do. | Common Sense |
| 1857 Supreme Court decision that a slave, because he was not a citizen, could not sue for his freedom.. | Dred Scott Decision |
| first decision of the Supreme Court of the United States to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review. | Marbury v. Madison |
| “founding father,” and author of the Federalist Papers, the first Secretary of the Treasury, he is most popular for losing a duel with Aaron Burr that eventually cost him his life. | Alexander Hamilton |
| Passed in 1798, these laws were supposed to “protect” the U.S. from foreign people looking to spread the chaos of the French Revolution and from subversive or terroristic acts. | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| The first government of the United States was based on this, which was created in 1777. | Articles of Confederation |
| Mesoamerican Indian culture that was devastated by Cortez and the Spanish in the 1520s. | Aztecs |
| printer, scientist and inventor who helped write both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. | Benjamin Franklin |
| first ten amendments to the constitution, generally directed at protecting the individual from abuse of power by the national government. | Bill of Rights |
| Special laws passed by southern state governments immediately after the Civil War. They were designed to control former slaves, and to subvert the intent of the Thirteenth Amendment. | Black Codes |
| slave states which did not secede from the Union prior to the US Civil War. | Border States |
| Monday, March 5, 1770 that helped spark the American Revolution. | Boston Massacre |
| political protest by Boston, Massachusetts residents against the British parliament partly in response to the 1765 stamp act. | Boston Tea Party |
| widespread transfer of agricultural goods between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred after 1492. | Columbian Exchange |
| agreement that California would be admitted to the Union, the slave trade in the District of Columbia would be restricted, and the Fugitive Slave Law would be enforced. | Compromise of 1850 |
| Spanish explorers who conquered native American cultures. | Conquistadores |
| U.S. social reformer on behalf of the mentally ill. | Dorthea Dix |
| U.S. social reformer and women's suffrage leader. | Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| system by which the Spanish government rewarded its governors in the Americas with title to land and permission to enslave any natives living on that land. | Encomienda |
| time during which the nation was free from the influence of European political and military events. | Era of Good Feelings |
| U.S. abolitionist who founded the North Star. | Frederick Douglass |
| Battles between France and England in the new world resulting in the loss of all French possessions. | French And Indian War |
| rapid influx of fortune seekers to Sutters Mill in California in 1849. | Gold Rush |
| religious revival that promised the grace of God to all who could experience a desire for it. | Great Awakening |
| Constitutional Convention in 1787, used “Virginia” plan and “New Jersey” plan to create a Congress with 2 houses, one with representation based population and one with representation being equal. | Great Compromise |
| wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Book influenced opposition to slavery. | Harriet Beacher Stowe |
| system sponsored by English colonies grant land to the person who purchases passage to the colony from Europe. | Headright System |
| first representative government in North America located in Virginia. | House of Burgesses |
| practice of the British Navy to stop U.S. ships on the open ocean and force crewmen into British naval service. | Impressments |
| South American Indian culture; devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530s. | Incas |
| people who were forced into labor for a certain period of time in return for their paid passage to North America. | Indentured servants |
| granted tribes unsettled western prairie land in exchange for their territories within state borders, mainly in the Southeast. | Indian Removal Act |
| author of the Virginia plan and considered to be the “Father of the Constitution.”. | James Madison |
| first permanent English colony in the New World. Virginia, 1607. | Jamestown |
| first and only President of the Confederate States of America. | Jefferson Davis |
| British philosopher who argued that governments only purpose was to protect man’s natural rights. | John Locke |
| “Great Chief Justice,” he presided over the case of Marbury v. Madison and was remembered as the principal founder of the U.S. system of constitutional law. | John Marshall |
| English soldier and sailor, who is now remembered helping to establish Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in North America. | John Smith |
| In 1854 Stephen A. Douglas introduced this to the Senate, to allow states to enter the Union with or without slavery. | Kansas Nebraska Act |
| explorers ventured into the Louisiana Territory in 1803 and became the first U.S. citizens to navigate their way westward to the Pacific Ocean. | Lewis and Clark |
| Battles where first shots of American Revolution were fired. | Lexington and Concord |
| territory in the western U.S. bought from France for $15 million. | Louisiana Purchase |
| concept of U.S. territorial expansion westward to the Pacific Ocean seen as a divine right. | Manifest Destiny |
| first governing document of Plymouth Colony, signed by the Pilgrims in November of 1620. | Mayflower Compact |
| economic philosophy that control of imports was the key to enhancing the health of a nation and that Colonies existed to serve the home country as a source of raw materials and a market for manufactured goods. | Mercantilism |
| congressional agreement of 1820 which included the admission of one free and one slave state to maintain the balance of free and slave states in the Union. | Missouri Compromise |
| announcement that the American continents were not subjects for future colonization by any European country. | Monroe Doctrine |
| 1200 mile route from Illinois to Salt Lake City Utah. | Mormon Trail |
| attempted to lead a slave revolt in Virginia in 1838, and though it was unsuccessful (he was executed for his violence), his actions represented a change in tone in the abolition movement. | Nat Turner |
| Construction on this began in 1811 and was the first federally funded turnpike in the United States. | National Road |
| This was a Battle during the War of 1812 fought after it ended, this paved the way for Andrew Jackson to presidency. | New Orleans |
| Act of Continental Congress which initially organized the first United States territory and was to be the basis for governing how the United States would expand westward. | Northwest Ordinance |
| principle that a state government can declare a law of the national government invalid within the borders of the state. | Nullification |
| major U.S. route from Missouri to the Northwest in the 19th century. | Oregon Trail |
| American silversmith who warned of the advance of the British on Lexington and Concord. | Paul Revere |
| 1787 meeting called by Congress to amend the Articles of the Confederation. | Philadelphia Convention |
| tax on imported goods designed to prevent domestic companies from having to compete with foreign goods of lower price or superior quality. | Protective Tariff |
| form of government run by elected leaders. | Republic |
| Shonone Indian girl; guide to Lewis and Clark on their trek West. | Sacagawea |
| American revolutionary who led the Boston Tea Party. | Samuel Adams |
| Battle which marked the turning point in the American Revolution. | Saratoga |
| Native white Southern politicians who joined the Republican party after the Civil war and advocated the acceptance of and compliance with congressional Reconstruction. | Scalawags |
| convened in May of 1775, drafted the “Olive Branch Petition” 2 months later, and eventually drafted the Declaration of Independence over a year later. | Second Continental Congress |
| crafted during a rally for women’s rights in upstate New York in 1848, and asserted that women deserved the same rights as men, rights which were guaranteed in both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. | Seneca Falls Declaration |
| 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers concerned about the loss of their land. | Shay's Rebellion |
| military campaign embarked upon by the U. S. Army in late 1864 which destroyed property along a wide swath south from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean in order to punish the Confederates for starting the war. | Sherman's March to the Sea |
| group of Patriots formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even violence. | Sons of Liberty |
| buying a commodity such as land or stock with the intention of selling it later when the price goes up. | Speculation |
| practice by political parties of rewarding partisans and workers after winning an election. | Spoils System |
| oldest continually occupied European settlement in North America. It was founded on August 28, 1565, by the Spanish. | St. Augustine |
| right to vote, synonym: “franchise”. | Suffrage |
| Women’s suffrage pioneer who also urged for emancipation. | Susan B. Anthony |
| forced migration of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma in 1838–39. | Trail Of Tears |
| document which formally ended the American Revolutionary War. | Treaty Of Paris, 1783 |
| Union General made a name for himself at the siege at Vicksburg, though he later defeated Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia to end the Civil War. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| system of secret “safe-houses” and hiding places to aid runaway slaves escape. | Underground Railroad |
| site of the headquarters of the Continental Army under George Washington during American Revolution. | Valley Forge |
| U.S. Journalist who founded the radical newspaper The Liberator, and fought to abolish slavery. | William Lloyd Garrison |
| name given to a period of diplomatic tension between the U.S. and France in 1797. France demanded the U.S. pay “tribute” to French diplomats before negotiations between the nations to begin. | XYZ Affair |
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