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Cells and Heredity
Mill Creek M.S. Science 7--Wohlford
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
Chromosome | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information. |
Pedigree | A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
Genetics | The scientific study of heredity. |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait. |
Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. |
Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
Punnett Square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. |
Dominant | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
Recessive | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
Sex-linked Gene | A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
Clone | An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
Probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
Meiosis | The process that occurs in sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
Allele | The different forms of a gene. |
Codominance | A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
Purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. |
Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is hterozygous for a particular trait. |