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AP Human Geo Ch. 10
AP Human Geography vocab chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crop and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Cereal grain | A grass yielding grain for food. |
| Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
| Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
| Commercial agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate product for sale off the farm. |
| Crop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during particular season. |
| Crop rotation | The practice of rating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. |
| Grain | Seed of a cereal grass. |
| Green revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Hull | The outer covering of a seed. |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah. |
| Pastoral nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Pasture | Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing. |
| Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crop for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
| Prime agricultural land | The most productive farmland. |
| Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
| Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing the field. |
| Ridge tillage | System of planting crop on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
| Sawah | A flooded field fro growing rice. |
| Seed agriculture | reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization. |
| Shifting cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| Slash-and-burn agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
| Spring wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
| Subsistence agriculture | agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family. |
| Sustainable agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soul-restoring crop with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides. |
| Swidden | a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning. |
| Thresh | to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it. |
| Transhumance | the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
| Truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities. |
| Vegetative planting | reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants. |
| Wet rice | Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| Winnow | to remove chaff by allowing it be blown away by the wind. |
| Winter wheat | wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer. |
| Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. |
| Double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
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