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Garner's Lit Terms
AP Literary Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| etymology | study of the origins of words and their historical uses |
| euphemism | a safer or nicer word or phrase used in place of less appealing or inappropriate words/phrases |
| fallacy | failure of logical reasoning |
| false analogy | argument using an inappropriate metaphor |
| false dilemma | either/or fallacy that suggests a problem only has two solutions |
| gerund | verb ending in "ing" used as a NOUN |
| hyperbole | exaggeration that bolsters an argument |
| imagery | any time one of the five senses is evoked by language |
| inductive | type of reasoning that requires the use of examples |
| infinitive | "to" plus a verb functioning as a noun |
| irony | use of words to express something other than and often the opposite of the literal meaning |
| situational irony | contrast between what happens and what is expected |
| verbal irony | contrast between what is said and what is meant i.e. sarcasm |
| dramatic irony | contrast between what the character thinks to be true and what the reader knows to be true |
| jargon | pattern of speech associated with a particular group of people i.e. computer analysts have a their own terminology/language |
| juxtaposition | making one idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite |
| logos | appeal to reason |
| malapropism | word play in which one word is mistakenly substituted for another that sounds similar |
| metaphor | figure of speech in which what is unknown is compared to something familiar to better gauge its importance |
| metonymy | minor figure of speech in which the name of one thing is substituted for another with which it is closely associated |
| non sequitir | "it does not follow"; argument by misdirection and is logically irrelevant |
| object | noun to which thought, feeling, or action is directed |
| onomatopoeia | sound imitates the thing or action associated with it |
| oxymoron | two words that together create a sense of opposition and call attention to a particular point in an argument |
| paradox | major figure of speech that seeks to create mental discontinuity, which causes the reader to pause and seek clarity |
| parallel syntax | pattern of language that creates a rhythm of repetition |
| parentheticals | phrases, sentences, and words inside parentheses that seem off-topic, but sometimes merit analysis |
| participle | verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed |
| passive voice | something happens to someone |
| pathos | emotional appeal |
| personification | giving human attributes to non-human things |
| point of view | perspective from which the writer chooses to present his or her story or essay |
| poisoning the well | person or character is introduced with language that suggests that he/she is not reliable |
| polysyndeton | use of consecutive conjunctions even when they are not needed; leaves the reader somewhat breathless |
| premise | another word for the author's/speaker's claim |
| pun | play on words |
| red herring | distracting argument raising issues irrelevant to the case |
| rhetorical question | answer is assumed; designed to force reader to come to a predetermined answer |
| rhetorical shift | author significantly alters his use of diction, syntax, or both |
| slippery slope | falsely argues that one thing inevitably leads to another |
| straw man | occurs when the person engaging in an argument defines his opponent's position when the opponent is not present in a way that is easy to attack |
| syllogism | three part argument in which two premises lead to a truth |
| synecdoche | part is used for the whole Ex. all hands on deck, lend me your ears, etc. |
| syntax | study of the rules of grammar that define the formation of sentences |
| synthesis | to unite or synthesize a variety of sources to achieve a common end |
| theme | basic message or meaning conveyed through elements of character and conflict |
| thesis | writer's statement of purpose |
| tricolon | sentence with three distinct and equally long parts separated by commas |
| understatement (litotes) | creates exaggeration through restraint |
| zeugma | two or more elements are tied together by the same verb or noun |
Created by:
jagarner
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