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WCCVETTECH - Genetic
Genetics - Term 1
term | Definition |
---|---|
Allele | 1 of 2 or more different genes that coode for similar proteins at the same locus on the chromosome |
Asexual reproduction | mitosis in the absence of gametes; the offspring are identical to the parent |
Autosome | any of the chromosomes other than the sex defending chromosomes |
Chromosome | linear thread of DNA found in the nucleus carrying the genetic code in the form of genes |
Congenital | devlop anomaly in which environ influences during the develop caused a mutation |
Diploid # | normal # of chromosomes for a particular species |
Dominant | an allele that is expressed in the phenotype even if the individual is heterzygous |
Gene | basic unit of heredity |
Genotype | genetic makeup of an individual |
Haploid # | half the normal # of chromosome; found in the gametes |
heredity | passing on of traits from parents to offspring |
heterozygous | possesing different alleles for a trait |
homozygous | possesing identical alleles for a trait |
Hybrid | offspring of distantly related or different species |
incomplete dominance | phenotypic blending of 2 alleles |
Locus | position on the chromosome where the alleles are located |
Phenotype | outward apperance of an individual |
progeny | offspring |
Punnett square | graph used to calc the % of offspring with particular genotypes |
recessive | allele that is not expressed in the phenotype unless the individual is homozygous |
Sexual repro | creation of offspring from gametes |
Trait | distinguishing charac of an individual |
Mendel | Gregor; monk |
Somatic Cells | body |
Gametes | haploid - sex cells, containg 1 chromosome of each type |
BB | Simple Dominance; homozygous |
Bb | Simple dominance; heterozygous |
bb | simple dominance; homozygous; recessive |
Sex Linked | X Y = Y does not contain all the same genes |
Codominance | both alleles appear equally in the phenotype |
Lethal Genes | A gene whose expression results in the death of the individual expressing it. |
Incomplete Dominance | Phenotype that is intermdiate between 2 alleles; Red X Y = Pink |
RR x R'R' | R = Red; R' = white 100% pink |
Dihybrid Cross | A cross between two individuals identically heterozygous at two loci for example, AaBb/AaBb. |
complementary | 2 genes that are only expressed when both are present |
Epistatis | (epi = above); one gene masks the express of a second gene at a seperate locus |
Polygenic Inheritance | traits that are created by the interation of multiple different genes |
Line breeding | mating w/in a certain faily and maintaing the relationship |
Out-crossing | unrelated animals (mutt) |