click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A &P hybird test #1
anatomy and physiology test #1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Ednocrine System | glands, hormones: Hormonal control of the body. |
Respiratory System | lungsT,trachea, pharynx. larynx: Transfers oxygen from the air to blood. |
Popliteal | The posterior surface of the knee. |
Oblique Plane | passes through the body or organ at a diagonal angel. |
Plantar | the sole of the foot |
Patellar | sesamoid bone, situated at the front of the knee. |
Otic | pertaining to the ear |
The Brain | 3 tissues types: Nervous tissues Connective tissue blood or vascular tissue |
Electrons | Negative charge: orbits outside of the nucleus. |
Valence Electrons | The electrons located in an atom's OUTERMOST shell |
Octet Rule | atoms undergoing reactions end up with 8 valence electrons. 1st circle=only 2 electrons 2nd circle=hold up to 8 |
Organs | combination of various tissue types that form a structural unit. |
Mitochondria | produces ATP which are the cells energy source. called the POWER HOUSE of the cell |
Vertebral Canal (spinal) | formed by the bones of the vertebral column, and contains spinal cord. |
Thoracic Cavity | Contains the lungs, heart, and blood vessels, and adominopelvic cavity. |
Sternal | pertaining to the sternum. |
Deportment | The manner in which a person behaves. |
Inferior | Pertaining to below: towards the feet, or lower part of a structure. |
Distal | farther away |
Unilateral | Pertaining to one side |
Inorganic Molecules | don't contain hydrogen attached to a carbon chain as it's backbone. |
Cervical | to the neck, or the neck of an organ structure. |
Specific Organelles in the Cytoplasm | endoplasmic reticulum the golgi complex lysosmes mitchondria |
Organic Molecules | contains a carbon skeleton and hydrogen atoms. |
Anatomy | the study(or science) of body structure and their relationships with other body structures. |
Lysosmes | serves as the cells digestive system contains enzymes that break down molecules recongnizes food valcules from phagocytosis. |
Lymphatic & Immune Systems | lymph nodes, vessels, spleen thymus. FIGHTS INFECTIONS. |
Body Cavities | spaces within the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs. 2 principal cavities: Dorsal & Ventral |
Organic VS Inorganic Molecules | organic: contains a carbon skeleton and hydrogen atoms inorganic: don't contain hydrogen,and is attached to a carbon chain as its backbone. |
Superficial | towards the body surface |
Anatomical Postion | Pt. facing the clinician, head level and eyes facing forward. Feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides, palms turned forward STANDING STRAIGHT UP |
Pronation | palms down or posterior |
Nurtrition | material acquried from the environment into the body |
Basic Requirements of all living things | Living things have: Oranization,design,grow and develop. |
Organisms | individual living being that are composed of many cells |
Cardiovascular System | heart, lungs, blood vessels: TRANSPORTS OXYGEN |
Physiology | the study of body functions and how the body works. |
Tarsal | the ankle bones |
Muscular System | skeletal muscles, cardiac and smooth. PRODUCES HEAT |
Nervous System | brain,spinal cord,nerves,sense organs FAST BODY CONTROL |
Urinary System | kidnesy,urinary bladder, ureter, urethra: REGULATES VOLUMES & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD |
Digestive System | mouth,esophagus,stomach,small & large intestine(colon) rectum,liver,gallbladder,pancreas, salivary glands. |
Reproductive System | testes, penis,ovaries,uretus,vagina GONDADS |
Endocytosis | moving material into the cell: Pinocytosis:moves liquid into the cell"cell drinking" Phagocytosis:moves large particle into the cell"cell eating" |
Crainal Bone(skull) | containg the brain |
Disaccharides | 2 sugar molecules linked by dehydration synthesis. SUCROSE=glucose+fructose=table sugar LACTOSE=glucose+galactose=milk sugar MALTOSE=glucose+glucose=form in the digestive tract. |
Exocytosis | moving material out of the cell |
Body Regions | five major regions of the body: HEAD,NECK,TRUNK,UPPER LIMB, LOWER LIMB |
3 Major Categories of Membrane Proteins | 1)Transport proteins:regulate movement 2)Receptor Proteins:binds and triggers hormones or nutrients. 3)Recongnition proteins:think WHITE BLOOD CELLS ex: ANTIBODIES. |
Caudal | pertaining to the tail, inferior end of trunk |
D.N.A | Dexoyribonucleic Acid: is the molecule of heredity. |
Nucleus | contains DNA and controls all the functions of the cell |
Neutrons | have no charge |
Mass Number | the number of protons adn neutrons in the cells |
Intermediate | between 2 structures |
Transverse Plane | divides body into superior & inferior positions. |
Digital | finger manipulation or imprint |
Sagittal Planes | divides the body or organ into righ & left |
Parasagittal Plane | body or organ is divided into UNEQUAL righ or left sides |
Deep | away from the surface of the body |
Homeostasis | ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal condition, while the external enviornment may change. TO STAY THE SAME |
Inert Atoms | Atoms that will not react with other atoms when its outermost election shell is stable. |
Free Radicals | A chemically unstable and highly reactive molecule that is missing a electrons. Ex: CANCER,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, ARTHRITIS |
Plasma Membrane | A thin sheet or membrane that surrounds the cell to separate the inside from the outside tissue |
Inversion | soles pointing in |
Antecubital | situated infront of the elbow |
Scapular | flat triangular bone in the back of the shoulder blade. |
Inguinal | between abdomen & thigh GROIN |
Glabella | smooth area on frontal bone, BETWEEN EYEBROWS |
Lumbar | part of back between, thorax and plevis |
Mammary | the breast |
Occipital | posterior,inferior portion of the cranium BACK OF THE HEAD |
Orbital | bony canvity that contains teh eyeball |
Promximal | pertaining to near the attachment of a limb to the trunk |
Superior | pertaining to above TOWARDS THE HEAD |
Dorso | back |
Dorsiflexion | bending the foot with toes towards the anterior. |
Skeletal System | bones,cartilage,joints PRODUCES BLOOD |
Integumentary System | skin,hair,nails,dermis & epidermis |
Abdominiopelvic Quadrants 4 | RUQ,LUQ,RLQ,LLQ |
Abdominopelvic Regions 9 regions | epigastric,righ hypochondriac left hypochondriac, umbilical, right lumbar left lumbar,right iliac,left iliac, hypogastric |
Abdominopelvic cavity | lies inferior to the diaghramand contains the remaining organs. |
The Golgi Complex | sorts, chemically alters,packages important molecules,then ships out of the cell. THINK UPS |
Femoral | the thigh |
Organ Systems | a group of serveral organs that work together to perform a single function. |
Ions | when a neutral atom loses or gain an election, it becomes chared. SHARING ELETRONS |
Hydrophobic Molecules | water-fearing, no attraction to water, don't dissolve in water "OILS" |
70%-90% | all living organisms are made up of water |
PET SCAN | Positron Emission Tomography "HOT SPOTS" |
Isotopes | the number of protons in the atomic nucleus differ with the number of neutrons. |
Covalent Bonds | sharing of electrons with another atoms. |
Ionic Bonds | gain or loss of electrons: by transferring one or more electrons. |
Dorsal Cavity | locatd in the Posterior portion, is subdivided into the cranial cavity |
Polysacharides | polymers of many monosaccharides STARCH,GLYCOGEN,CELLULOSE |
Organelles | miniature chemical factories insides the cell that use teh information in teh genes to keep the cell alive and functioning normally |
Tissues | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
Stimuli | reaction to light, sound,chemicals, and other stimuli from their external surrounds. |
Eversion | soles pointing out |
Supination | Palms up |
Nervous Tissue | transmit signals to all parts of the body, to perform a funciton |
Ventral Cavtity | located in anterior region |
Carpal | wrist |
Calcaneal | the heel bone, or achellis tendon |
Contralateral | pertaining to the other side |
Chromosomes | threadlike structure that is in every cell nucleus: 46 sex chromosomes,or 22 homologous pairs female: xx male: xy |
hydrophilica Molecules | waer loving, dissolves in water |
PH SCALE | Acids=ph below 7 Bases=ph above 7 water=ph of 7 HUMANS=PH OF 7.3-7.4 |
Antioxidants | vitamins: neutralize free radicals by donating electrons HELPING PROTECT THE BODY FROM DAMAGE |
Passive Transport | moves DOWN gradients and NO ENERGY required |
Active Transport | moves UPHILL against gradient ENERGY is required |
Facilitated Diffusion | molecules moves cross the membrane with help of membran TRANSPORT PROTEINS |
3 Major Functions of Plasma Membrane | Selectively isolates regulates exchange communicates |
Monocaccharides | one sugar molecule |
Proteins | consists of chains of amino acids |
Lipids & Oils | consists of: carbon, hydrogen & oxygen |
Function | energy storage and structural support. |
Vertebral | pertaining to 24 bones of the spinalo column |