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NWCC GA MASH 2
NWCC GA MASH 2 Straight Mash Only
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Action of the semitendinosus across the knee joint. | flexion of knee joint |
| Action of gastrocnemius. | plantarflexion of ankle & assists in flexion of knee |
| Two primary actions of the gluteus maximus. | extension of femur, lateral rotation of extended hip |
| Action of the gracilis across the hip joint. | adduction of femur |
| Action of peroneus (fibularis) tertius. | eversion of foot, assists in dorsiflexion of foot |
| Action of the gluteus medius. | abduction of femur & anterior fibers - medial rotation of femur |
| Action of the semitendinosus across the hip joint. | extension of femur |
| List 4 actions of the sartorius muscle. | flexion of femur, abduction of femur, lateral rotation of femur, flexion of knee, medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| Action of pectineus. | flexion and adduction of femur, assists medial rotation of femur |
| Action of gluteus minimus. | abduction, medial rotation of femur |
| Action of soleus. | plantarflexion of ankle |
| List all names and actions of the muscle collectively known as triceps surae. | gastrocnemius- plantarflexion, assists in flexion of knee, soleus- plantarflexion of ankle |
| Deepest muscle at the posterior knee. | popliteus |
| Lateral rotator of hip only innervated by the obturator nerve. | oburator externus |
| Lateral rotator of hip located immediately superior to the tendon of the obturator internus muscle. | gemellus superior |
| Specific muscle that is located on the dorsum of the foot and originates from the anterior calcaneus. | extensor digitorum brevis |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the opposite side. | external oblique |
| Name the intrinsic muscles of the foot that form the 1st layer. | abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi |
| Name the dorsiflexors of the ankle. | tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus |
| Muscle innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. | gluteus maximus |
| Muscle immediately superior to the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region. | piriformis |
| Muscles which insert on the iliotibial tract. | gluteus maximus, tensor of fasciae latae |
| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft. | semitendinosus |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the same side. | internal oblique |
| Muscle that lies immediately deep to the adductor longus: it inserts on only a single landmark. | adductor brevis |
| Specifically what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal. | aponeurosis of the external oblique |
| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during most of its course in the leg. | Soleus |
| Name the muscles that form the 3rd layer of the plantar foot. | flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis |
| Name the medial rotators of the hip. | gluetus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, tensor of fasciae latae, pectineus |
| Muscle which originates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter. | gemellus inferior |
| Name the muscle whose tendons pass behind the medial malleolus (list them from P to A as they pass around the malleolus). | flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior |
| Muscle that originates only from the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts into the calcaneous via the Achilles tendon. | plantaris |
| Insertion of the iliopsoas. | lesser trochantor of femur |
| Originates on the posterior fibula only and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus. | flexor hallucis longus |
| Origin of the quadratus femoris. | tuberosity of ischium |
| Insertion of biceps femoris (be specific). | head of fibula- lateral aspect, lateral condyle of tibia |
| Origin of rectus femoris. | anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium at upper rim of acetabulum |
| Insertion of adductor magnus anterior and posterior heads. | Anterior- adductor tubercle of femur - Posterior- linea aspera of femur |
| Origin of vastus medialis. | linea aspera of femur, intertrochanteric line of femur |
| Insertion of adductor brevis. | proximal part of linea aspera, pectineal line of femur |
| Insertion of fibularis brevis. | base of 5th metatarsal, lateral surface |
| Hamstring that inserts on the posterior medial tibial condyle | semimembranosus |
| insertion of the rectus femoris. | patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Origin of the extensor digitorum brevis. | anterior calcaneus |
| Insertion of the peroneus longus. | base of first metatarsal (plantar surface), medial cuneiform tarsal bone (plantar surface) |
| Origin of the vastus lateralis. | linea aspera of femur, greater trochanter of femur |
| Insertion of adductor longus. | middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur |
| Origin of the superior gemellus. | ischial spine |
| Common origin of hamstrings. | ishial tuberosity |
| Origin of the gastrocnemius. | medial & lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Nerve that innervates pectineus. | femoral nerve |
| Nerve innervation of peroneus longus. | superficial fibular nerve |
| Name cutaneus branches of the femoral nerve. | Medial & Intermediate cutaneous nerves , saphenous nerve |
| Specific nerve from which sural nerve arises. | tibial nerve |
| Point at which common peroneal nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury. | superficially around the neck of the fibula |
| Assuming the sciatic nerve was severed, would any cutaneous areas below the knee still have sensation? If so where and why? | Yes, skin of medial leg, ankle, foot to great toe would have sensation via saphenous nerve |
| Obturator nerve carries fibers from these spinal segments. | L2,3,4, |
| Innervation of adductor magnus. | anterior head-Obturator Nerve posterior head-Siatic Nerve |
| Innervation of extensor hallucis longus. | deep fibular |
| Femoral nerve carries fibers from these specific spinal cord segments. | L 2,3,4 |
| Apart from muscular paralysis, injury to this specific nerve would present anaesthesia of the skin in the small area between the 1st and 2nd toes only. | Deep Fibular(peroneal)Nerve |
| Sciatic nerve directly innervates what muscles. | biceps femoris (long and short heads), semimembranosus, semitendinosus, posterior head of adductor magnus |
| Tibial nerve terminates at the___________ and at the _____________. | Medial; Lateral Plantar nerves of the foot |
| Nerve of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis. | superficial fibular nerve |
| Nerve of tibialis anterior. | deep fibular nerve |
| Nerve of popliteus. | tibial nerve |
| The only muscular clinical sign a patient presents is a slight involuntary eversion of the foot and total foot drop. This would happen if the _________nerve was cut or severely injured. | common fibular nerve |
| Nerve that transverses the adductor canal to provide cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the leg, ankle, and foot to great toe. | saphenous nerve |
| Make a flowchart showing the simplest sequence of function of the nervous system. | Stimulus->Sensory Neuron(Afferent)->Motor Neuron(Efferent)->Effector Organ |
| Function of popliteus muscle. | Lateral rotation of femur to Unlock the knee, assists in medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| Define the deep inguinal ring. | Gap in the transversalis fascia |
| Specifically what forms the important conjoined tendon. | aponeurosis of transversus abdominis & internal oblique muscles |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived form the internal oblique. | Cremaster Muscle |
| Besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give 2 other characteristics of deep fascia. | Invest Body Region provides intermuscullar Septa, seperates individual muscle into compartments to allow them to move freely |
| Discuss what functional reversal of origin and insertion means. | Origin becomes moveable, the insertion is stabilized |
| Assume you are constructing a body and what the strongest possible muscular performance across a joint. What type would you use? How would you attach it? | Pinate Muscle, attaching far from the joint |
| List the basic motor functions of the nervous system. | muscular contraction & glandular secretion |
| Are specific type receptors used, for example, as pain detectors in the skin they are functionally classified as (use letter). | Exteroceptors - GSA |
| Define nerve. | A group of neurons fibers located in the PNS |
| Specific components innervated by the autonomic nervous system. | Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands |
| According to lecture name the anatomical structures placed in the peripheral nervous system. | 12 pairs cranial nerves, 31 pairs spinal nerves and autonomic nerves of the ANS |
| List special sensations. | Vision, Hearing & Equilibrium, taste (gustation), smell (olfaction) |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the aponeurosis of the external oblique. | External Spermatic Fascia |
| Name given to the connective tissue covering the smallest unit of muscle visible to the naked eye(don’t say fiber). | Perimycium |
| Component of deep fascia which arranges muscle into functional compartments. | Intermuscular Septa |
| Considering that muscle volume remains constant, what can one say when comparing the range of strength of contraction of an unattached muscle. | Length of the fasicle determines range; strength depends on the cross sectional area of fasicles |
| Give the functional 3 letter classification and name a proprioceptor. | GSA-Golgi Tendon Apparatus or muscle spindles sense change in position of body |
| Give 2 vessels which help form the cruciate anastomosis. | Medial Femoral Circumflex, Lateral Femoral Circumflex, (other 2 -Inferior Gluteal and 1st Perforating Arteries) |
| Artery which directly gives rise to most of the dorsal metatarsal arteries. | arcuate artery |
| Small saphenous vein is direct tributary. | popliteal vein |
| Artery that gives rise to perforating arteries of thigh. | Perfunda Femoris |
| Arises from the arcuate artery. | dorsal metatarsal aa & dorsal digital aa |
| How does the great saphenous vein become a tributary to the deep veins….include what it drains into and how it gains access to it. | Collects from sole, dorsum of foot, and thigh and drains into the femoral vein via the saphenous hiatus (opening in the fascia lata) |
| Artery of which the medial femoral circumflex is a direct branch. | Profunda Femoris |
| Name 2 important ligaments with attachments to the ischium and sacrum. | sacrospinous ligament; sacrotuberous ligament |
| A patient presents flattening of the medial longitudinal arch on the plantar surface of the foot. Give specific ligamentous damage. | Plantar Calcaneal Navicular Ligament is damaged |
| A patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive eversion. Give specific ligamentous damage. | Deltoid ligament has been damaged |
| Name the ligaments that run from the tibia to the lateral malleolus. | Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament, Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament |
| Name & Classify (use letter classification) the specific type of visceral receptor which deals with pain caused by distention. | Interoceptor, GVA |
| Name the muscles forming the 1st layer in the plantar foot. | Abductor Hallucis, Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digitorum Brevis |
| Be able to identify from netter diagrams... | Oblique Popliteal Ligament, Ischiofemoral Ligament and suprapatellar bursa |
| Name invertors of the foot. | Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior |
| Smallest fiber-like unit of a muscle visible to the naked eye. (do not say fiber as your answer) | Fasicle |
| Define Tract. | A group of neuron fibers in the CNS |
| ___________ are SPECIFIC TYPE receptors used for smell and taste. They are classified functionally as ________ (use letter-classification) fibers. | chemoreceptors, SVA |
| Define Ganglion. | a group of neuron cells in PNS |
| A ligament deep to the dorsal sacroiliac ligament, located in the deep groove between the sacrum and the ilium. | interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
| Name EVERTORS of the foot. | Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis, Fibularis Tertius |
| Action of the peroneus (fibularis) longus. | Eversion of the foot, Plantarflexion of the ankle |
| Origin of the external oblique. | Costal Cartilage of Ribs 5-12 |
| Give components which form the medial wall of the inquinal canal. | Conjoined tendon, rectus sheath |
| The deep fibular nerve runs immediately anterior to this structure through most of its course (Do not list vessel). | Interosseous Membrane |
| Muscle in which the common fibular (peroneal) nerve divides into its terminal branches | Fibularis Longus |
| Superficial vein which drains the lateral part of the foot and the posterior leg. | Small Saphenous Vein |
| Nerve that "Unlocks" the knee joint. | Tibial nerve |
| Invertor of the foot intervated by tibial nerve. | Tibialis Posterior |
| Origin of adductor longus. | Anterior Pubis |
| Action of the rectus femoris. | Flexion of Hip, Extention of knee |
| Origin of Psoas Major muscle. | T12 - L5 Vertebra |
| Insertion of pectineus. | "Pectineal line" line between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera of femur |
| Innervation of the sartorius muscle. | Femoral Nerve |
| Most superficial and medial thigh adductor. | Gracilis |
| Muscle which originates from the anterior distal fibula (with extensor digitorum longus) and inserts into the base of the metatarsal. | Peroneus Tertius |
| Specific muscle that is located on the dorsum of the foot originates from the anterior calcaneus, | Extensor Digitorum Brevis |
| Muscle which originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts into the upper part of the greater trochanter, | Piriformis |
| Action of the Plantaris. | Knee flexion, plantarflexion of foot |
| The strongest hip flexor. | iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas major) |
| Dorsiflexor of the foot which inserts on the base of the 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform. | tibialis anterior |
| Innervation of the extensor hallucis longus. | deep fibular nerve |
| The only CUTANEOUS clinical sign a patient presents is complete loss of cutaneous sensation below the knee, except for an area along the medial part of the leg. This would indicate injury specifically to the _________ nerve. | Sciatic |
| Nerve which passes along the medial side of the tendon of the biceps femoris, then curves around the neck of the fibula. | Common Fibular |
| Artery that specifically supplies the adductors, obturator externus, acetabulum, and the head of the femur. | Medial Femoral circumflex |
| Name the DIRECT (immediate) branches of the dorsalis pedis artery. | Arcuate Artery, 1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery and deep plantar artery |
| Specific vessel supplying skin of the labia majora, perineum and scrotum. | deep external pudendal artery |
| Specific landmark where popliteal artery begins. | adductor hiatus |
| Classify (use 3 letter classification)efferents to the muscles of the facial expression and mastication. Why are they classified as such? | SVE, because they are the skeletal muscles of the branchial arches |
Created by:
brookert81
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