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Swedish - mid-term
ASHA - Swedish Massage, study for mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The four components of touch | Sensation, Energy & Emotion, Meaning, & Beliefs |
| professional touch | skilled and done for compensation; done to promote healing |
| casual touch | common everyday touch, both intentional and unintentional |
| Hippocrates | Father of medicine |
| Julius Caesar | used massage to relieve neuralgia and prevent epileptic attacks |
| Ambrose Pare | used massage techniques to promote wound healing after surgery |
| Per Henrick Ling | The Father of Swedish massage. |
| Ray Nimmo, D.C. | taught triggerpoint therapy |
| Ida Rolf | founded the Guild of Structural Integration |
| Dr. Johann Mezger | credited with making massage a functional component of physical rehabilitation |
| Dr. Johann Mezger | introduced the terminology we use for massage today |
| Charles and George Taylor | introduced the Ling System to the United States |
| Dr. Charles Mills | a prominent neurologist and massage advocate in Philadelphia; levied sharp criticism concerning the uneven quality of massage practitioners |
| Paul St. John | studied neuromuscular therapy under Nimmo at Palmer College of Chiro. Later developed NMT as taught at A.S.H.A. |
| Dr. Wilhelm Reich | settled in U.S. considered to be the founder of psychotherapeutic bodywork. Bio energetics is based on his work. |
| Leon Chaitow, D.O. | one of the osteopaths in Europe to develop Muscular Energy Techniques |
| Dr. John Kellogg | founder of Battle Creek Sanitatium; wrote dozens of articles and 2 textbooks on the use of massage and hydrotherapy |
| Dr. Tiffany Field | founded The Touch Research Institute |
| Francis Tappan & Gertrude Beard | Wrote articles & books on massage techniques. |
| Melzak | Proposed a theory on endorphin release and hyper stimulation analgesia |
| Dr. Jim Gabriel | Founded the Academy of Somatic Healing Arts (A.S.H.A.); ASHA's curriculum was the first to include NMT & an in-depth study of three major massage techniques - Swedish, Sports, and NMT. |
| Effleurage - movement | long, gliding strokes using flat palms, fingers, thumbs, forearms or back of hands |
| Effleurage - purpose | Open or close a massage, spread lubricant, warm the tissue, introduce client to therapist's touch, increase circulation, prepare the body for deeper work. |
| Effleureage - effect | Relaxes the nervous system, increases blood and lymph, slow strokes produce a soothing effect, faster strokes produce stimulating effect. |
| Petrissage - movement | kneading, wringing, gentle squeezing of the tissue. |
| Petrissage - purpose | used to reach deeper muscles, milking toxins and stimulating muscle function. |
| Petrissage - effect | stimulates the nervous system, softens fascia, reduces fatigue and muscle tension, increases circulation, improves muscle tone, increases muscular elasticity |
| Friction - movement | small deep circular/back and forth motion which moves the tissue beneath the skin over the muscles to produce heat. Tips of fingers, thumbs, elbows, heel or side of hand are used. |
| Friction - purpose | to stimulate nerve endings, relaxing muscle contraction and spasms; Stimulate scar tissue |
| Friction - effect | breaks down adhesions. |
| Tapotement - movement | Series of brisk blows done rhythmically using alternating hands or wrists relaxed. |
| Tapotement - purpose | Used to illicit a reflective response from the nerve, muscle, tendon joint, or other point in order to stimulate that specific point. To loosen mucus. |
| Vibration - movement | Shaking, trembling, oscillating, and jostling using fingertips or flat palms, either 1 or 2 handed alternating. |
| Vibration - purpose | to dissipate any pain after deep work. |
| Vibration - effect | Stimulate or soothe the nervous system. |
| Joint mobilization - movement | Extending, flexing, taking limb through range of motion. This may be done with client assistance, resistance, or passive participation. |
| Joint mobilization - purpose | To increase range of motion. |
| Joint mobilization - effect | Reduces stiffness in joints, increases freedom in joint, opens energy blockages. |
| Energy - movement | The movement of energy is encourage through the use of focused intent. Therapist places hands over major body centers. |
| Energy - purpose | Creates a connection between therapist and client. |
| Energy - effect | Relaxes, soothes, and calms the psyche. |
| Basic Massage Strokes | Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Touch, Vibration, Joint Mobilization, Energy Hold |
| Massage Pressure sequence | light to deep to light |
| Effleurage variations | single hand; double hand; support hand; surrounding grasp; loose fist; single forearm; double forearm |
| Petrissage - variations | wringing; single hand; double hand; compression; fist/hand; double fist |
| Friction - variations | stabilized finger; stablilzed hand; thumb; double thumb; elbow |
| Effleurage - element | water - think of flowing movement as a stream of water, easily flowing around obstacles constantly being shaped by the container |
| Effleurage - pressure | very light to firm; care should be taken to begin lightly and gradually become more firm |
| Petrissage - element | air - think of lifting the muscle up and into the air and giving it room to breathe. |
| Petrissage - pressure | firm pressure is recommended to begin working; progressing to deeper pressure if indicated and client can receive it. |
| Friction - element | fire - think of creating and stimulating the release of the energy of life. |
| Friction - pressure | begin gently and gradually increase until the sensation of heat or slight discomfort is felt. |
| Tapotement - effect | stimulate the nervous system through repetitive, direct nerve response. |
| Tapotement - element | earth - think of sinking deeper and deeper into the earth, being very grounded and feeling more and more in your body. |
| Tapotement - pressure | pressure is determine by speed and frequency. Strong attention to the force of impact and the depth to which you intend to affect. Most important is the softness of the fingers, hands, wrists, and elbows, and the point from which this stroke originates. |
| Tapotement - variations | hacking, cupping, slapping, pounding, tapping, plucking |
| Vibration - variations | finger, palm, lift and shake, traction and shake, rocking |
| Vibration - element | ether - think of dissolving the muscle distress into the ethers, freeing up and creating space within the muscle to move and function more efficiently. |
| Vibration - pressure | determined more in terms of speed, frequency and duration, with emphasis placed on consistent and rhythmic application |
| Joint mobilization - variations | passive - therapist moves limb or joint while the client remains passive with muscles completely relaxed; active - client moves the limb or joint with or without assistance; resistive - either client or therapist resists while the other initiates action |
| Joint mobilization - element | has qualities of all elements, primarily Air and Earth, as it opens and creates space for breath within the joint and so encourages grounding in the joints. |
| Energy - element | ether |
| Energy - pressure | no pressure |
| Draping, reasons for | modesty, comfort, and warmth |
| components of touch | Sensation, Energy and Emotion, Meaning, and Beliefs |
| five types of touch | Casual Touch, Therapeutic Touch, Professional Touch, Appropriate Touch, Inappropriate Touch |
| Casual Touch | common, everyday touch that is either accidental or intentional, but without the intention to heal or affect a healing effect. |
| Therapeutic Touch | touch that has a healing effect whether it is intentional or not, whether it is performed by a professional or not. |
| Professional Touch | touch performed by a professional with the intent to have a healing effect; skilled touch delivered as specific service for which the professional is compensated; honors appropriate personal and professional limits and boundaries. |
| Appropriate Touch | touch that is welcome and/or tolerated and is well-intentioned; touch that is helpful, healing, empowering, comforting, encouraging, or nurturing is always appropriate. |
| Inappropriate Touch | contact that is intentionally or unintentionally harmful, hurtful, disempowering, domineering, or unwanted; can be hostile, aggressive, intentionally erotic, or sexual; Those who know their touch is interpreted as inappropriate should cease the behavior. |
| Healing | the process of the restoration of balance and well-being as well as the elimination of disease. |
| Primary Directives [for health professionals] (The Two D's) | Do no harm; Do positive good |
| Primary Assurances [therapists give their clients] | Confidentiality; Loving Acceptance |
| Primary Principles [of healing] | Loving Attention (being present); intention (how you feel) |
| Transference | occurs when a clients reacts to a therapist as if the therapist were someone from the client's past. The client projects feelings and reactions from the past relationship onto the therapist. |
| Counter Transference | occurs when a therapist reacts to a client as if the client was someone from the therapist's past, with the therapist projecting feelings onto the client. |
| Therapist's Responsibilities | Create a Sacred Space; Understand Your Role; Develop Your Healing Skills; Personal Hygiene |
| Create a Sacred Space | align yourself mentally with God, Source, or your highest values and intentions |
| Understand Your Role | let the energy do the work, be neutral within the context of your loving intention to heal |
| Develop Your Healing Skills | Learn . . . |
| Personal Hygiene | practice lifestyle choices that positively affect your health - proper rest, good stress management, diet, exercise, time management, financial management, emotional health, mental health, and spiritual health |
| Cervical region | the neck (seven cervical vertebrae) |
| Thoracic region | the chest (twelve thoracic vertebrae) |
| Lumbar region | the loin (five lumbar vertebrae) |
| Sacral/Coccyx region | the sacrum and tailbone |
| Flexion | bending that reduces the angle of a joint |
| Extension | straightening or stretching that increases the angle of a joint |
| Abduction | movement away (ab) from the midline |
| Adduction | movement toward (ad) the midline |
| Pronation | turning of the palm downward |
| Supination | turning of the palm upwar |
| Eversion | turning of the sole of the foot away from the midline |
| Inversion | turning of the sole of the foot toward the midline |
| Plantar flexion | bending of the planar surface of the sole of the foot downward |
| Dorsiflexion | bending of the planar surface of the sole of the foot upward |
| Rotation | twisting or turning to the side |
| Circumduction | making a circle, ability to move the limb in a circular manner |
| Protraction | thrusting a part of the body forward |
| Retraction | pulling a part of the body backward |
| Elevation | raising a part of the body |
| Depression | lowering a part of the body |
| Opposition | the act of placing part of the body opposite another, as in placing the tip of the thumb opposite the tips of the fingers |
| Adductor | muscle moving a part toward the midline |
| Abductor | muscle moving a part away from the midline |
| Flexor | muscle that bends a part |
| Extensor | muscle that straightens a part |
| Elevator | muscle that raises a part |
| Depressor | muscle that lowers a part |
| Tensor | muscle that tightens a part |
| Endangerment sites for Swedish, 6 front/3 back | Anterior Neck; Axilla; Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the Humerus; Umbilicus; Twelfth Rib; Sciatic Notch; Inguinal Triangle; Popliteal Fossa; Genitals and Mammary Tissue |
| Anterior Neck, reason endangerment site | This area on the front of the neck includes the windpipe, the carotid arteries, jugular veins, the vagus nerve, the sternal notch which houses nerves, blood vessels, the thyroid gland and the vagus nerve. All are located deep to the Sternocleidomastoid. |
| Axilla, reason endangerment site | This area of the underarm includes the brachial plexus, axillary veins and arteries and the cephalic vein. |
| Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the Humerus, reason endangerment site | This area of the "funny bone" includes the ulnar and radial nerves. |
| Umbilicus, reason endangerment site | This area under the navel includes the descending aorta and the abdominal aorta, they are located deep. |
| Twelfth Rib, reason endangerment site | This area on either side of the back waist is the location of the kidneys. |
| Sciatic Notch, reason endangerment site | This area of the upper back thigh includes the sciatic nerve, located deep to the ischial tuberosity. |
| Inguinal Triangle, reason endangerment site | This area where the torso meet the upper front thigh is located lateral and inferior to the pubis, medial to the Sartorius, this area includes the external iliac artery, femoral artery, great saphenous vein, femoral vein and the femoral nerve. |
| Popliteal Fossa, reason endangerment site | This area on the back of the knee includes the popliteal artery and vein, and the tibial nerve. |
| Genitals and Mammary Tissue, reason endangerment site | Although not necessarily a physical endangerment site, the genitals are avoided. Professional massage therapy does not include sexual massage of any kind. |
| Principles of Centering | 1) All movement originates and returns to the center as an intergrated, unbroken flow; 2) Allow movement to lengthen and loosen rather than shorten and constrict.; 3) Sink and soften instead of push and harden. Use your body's weight as a tool. |
| Body Position Imagery - Head | Imagine a string from the center, pulling the head straight up and lengthening the neck as if you were a marionette. |
| Body Position Imagery - Elbows | In a soft locked position, straight, but not rigid. |
| Body Position Imagery - Knees | In a soft locked or bent position. |
| Body Position Imagery - Sacrum | Imagine a 5,000 pound weight pulling the sacrum down to the earth. |
| Body Position Imagery - Feet | Imagine your feet extending down into the core of the earth. |
| Body Position Imagery - Hands | Keep your center (hips) behind your hands, allowing for focus in one direction, hands always move in the direction the fingers are pointing. |
| Body Position Imagery - Shoulders | relaxed and squared. |
| Table Height | Lower than your center to allow "sinking" as you move. |
| Sanitation Practices | Clean hands; Clean clothes; Clean, suitable container; Clean sheets; Clean table; Clean room |
| Personal Hygiene - importance | Plays a crucial role in the impression you make on others; Influences the success of a particular session; Clients notice the example you set and respond favorably or unfavorably (you may be able to influence your client to make better choices). |
| Elements of Massage | Comfort and Support; Direction; Pressure; Rate and Rhythm; Changes in Sign and Symptoms; Duration and Frequency; Relaxation |
| Frontal plane | divides the body into front and back sections |
| Transverse plane | divides the body into upper and lower sections |
| Sagittal Plane | divides the body into left and right sections |
| Anatomical position | the stance of the body when it is erect with the arms hanging to the side, palms facing forward |
| Erect position | body vertical in standing position |
| Prone position | body lying horizontally with the face down |
| Supine position | body lying horizontally with the face up |
| Laterally recumbent position | body lying horizontally on either the right or left |
| Anterior | nearer to the front of the body |
| Cephalic | toward the head |
| Cranial | toward the head |
| Caudal | toward the tail |
| Deep | inward from the surface of the body |
| Distal | farther from any point of reference |
| Dorsal | nearer to the back of the body |
| External | situated or occurring outside the body |
| Inferior | below or downward |
| Internal | situated or occurring within the body |
| Lateral | farther from the midline of the body |
| Medial | closer to the midline of the body |
| Peripheral | away from the center |
| Posterior | situated in back of; back |
| Proximal | closer to any point of reference |
| Superior | situated upward or directed upward |
| Superficial | pertaining to or situated near the surface |
Created by:
deb0120
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