intracellular fluid that contains all other structures of the cell
Cytosol
fluid part of cytosol
Organelles
All mechanical structures of the cell outside the nucleus
Integral Proteins
connect the external and internal cell environment, allows materials to pass through the membrane that are too large to fit or are not lipid soluble
Periferal membrane
loosly bound to outside of memrane, functions as part of a group of proteins that make up a cytoskeleton
glycolipids & glycoproteins
Membrane carbs that hold cells together to form tissues
Nucleus
directs cell activity, contains genetic information
Do red blood cells have a nucleus
NO
How many nucleii do skeletal muscles have?
more than 1
Nucleolus
involved in cell division, involved in production of & maturation of ribosomes
rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Comes directly off the nucleus, studded with ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No ribosome attachment, lipid production, holds calcium in skeletal muscle tissue
Golgi Apparatus
The UPS of the cell, off of the ER, preps and packages proteins and lipids to send to other parts of the cell
Vesicles
membranous sacs that move materials through the cell
Lysosomes
The Euthanizers of the cell, contain powerful digestive enzymes, help to degrade intracellular debris, breakdown and dispose of organelles that are no longer working
Peroxisomes
Mainly found in Liver, metabolize alcohol
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis, some float free and others are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vaults
Barrel shaped, transports molecules
Centrioles
Bundles of protein filaments perpendicular to one another, must be present for cell division
Cytoskeleton
gives the cell it's shape, flexible lattice of fibrous proteins
Phagocytosis
pulling things into the cell to be ingested
Tight junction
cells are fused together to form a virtually impermiable barrier, materials have to pass through the cells not around them, found in epithelial tissue, creates a barrier, GI Tract, Kidney tubules, stomach, skin
Desmosomes
commonly found in tissues that recieve alot of stress, Heart, uterus & skin
Gap Junction
Bi-directional junction that allows the cells to function as a unit, found in smooth muscle and heart muscle, only one cell needs to be stimulated which will inturn stimulate other cells in the junction
Metabolism
All chemical functions that occur in the body
Catabolism
break down of large molecules into smaller ones which releases energy
Anabolism
build up of small molecules into larger ones, bone growth
Things that determine what gets thru a cell
Lipid soluble, size of molecule, charge of ion, presence of integral protein
Transcription
1st phase of protein synthesis
DNA
genetic info of the cell, determines what proteins will be made by the cell, cannot exit the nucleus
mRNA
single strand, transcribes data from DNA, exits nucleus & into the cytosol
Translation
2nd phase of protein synthesis, occurs in cytosol
tRNA
gathers appropriate amino acids to line up correctly per DNA
rRNA
makes ribosomes, translates info on the mRNA, combines the amino acids and puts them in the correct order
Somatic cell division
increase # of body cells, replace cells that have been destroyed or damaged
Mitosis
nucleur cell division in somatic cell division
Reproductive cell division
union of two cells to create a single cell - zygote
Cardio Block2anatomy
