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Science 18 week test
Science study guide for the 7th graders at West Point Middle School.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of the cell parts? (no. 1.5) (cytoplasm,mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum) | Cytoplasm-helps transport things. Mitochondria-produce energy for the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum-carry proteins to dif. parts of the cell. |
| Understand the increasing validity as you go from hypothesis to conclusion to theory to law. | Idea-hypothesis(based on your idea)-conclusion-theory-law |
| IV | The variable that you change (does NOT depend on anything) |
| DV | The variable that changes as the IV changes (depends on the IV) |
| Constants | Things that stay the same all throughout the experiment |
| Control | The standard, or measure, for the experiment |
| Temperature=25 degrees f,Cricket calls=25 per minute,Temperature=50 degrees f Cricket calls=50 calls per minute, What can you conclude from the data? | If the temperature increases, then the cricket calls will decrease. |
| Why do all scientists use the International system of measurement? | So they can communicate their discoveries to each other in a way that they will all understand |
| Liquid volume=? | mL or millileters |
| Solid mass=? | g or grams |
| Distance=? | m or meters |
| What are the parts of a cell? | Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, golgi bodies, vacuoles |
| Compare active and passive transport in a cell. | Active uses energy to move things in and out of the cell. Passive does not use energy to move things in and out of the cell. |
| How are living things organized? | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| What is the most abundant compound found in living cells? | Water |
| Compare stimulus and response. | A stimulus is a change in an organism's environment that causes it to react. A response is an action or change of behavior caused by a stimulus. |
| What is the source of energy for all living things? | The sun |
| What is homeostasis? The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| What are the needs of living things? | energy, water, living space, stable internal conditions |
| Compare biogenesis and spontaneous generation. | Spontaneous generation is the mistaken theory that living things arise form nonliving things. Biogenesis is the theory that life can only come from life. Obviously, biogenesis is the accepted theory. |
| Who was Robert Hooke? | Robert Hooke was a scientist who was one of the first to observe cells. He built a compound microscope and looked at a cork through it. He saw (voila!) cells. |
| What are the three parts of the cell theory? | All living things are composed fo cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells. |
| Which scientists are associated with the cell theory? | Robert Hooke, Anton Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, and Theodor Schwann |
| What are the functions of the cell parts? (Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) | Cell wall-protects the cell. Cell membrane-protects and separates the cell from its environment. Nucleus-directs the cell. |
| Robert Hooke was a scientist who was one of the first to observe cells. He built a compound microscope and looked at a cork through it. He saw (voila!) cells. | |
| What are the functions of the cell parts (cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) | (Cytoplasm-helps transport things. Mitochondria-produce energy for the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum-carry proteins to dif. parts of the cell. |
| What are the functions of the cell parts? no.2 (ribosomes, golgi bodies, chloroplasts) | Ribosomes-produce proteins. Golgi bodies-package and distribut ematerials throughout the cell. Chloroplasts-capture energy from the sun and use it to produce food for the cell. |
| What are the functions of the cell parts? no. 3 (vacuoles, lysosomes) | vacuole-storage for the cell. lysosomes-break down large food particles into smallers ones. |
| What plant parts are not in an animal cell? | Chloroplasts, cell wall. |
| Compare mitosis to meiosis. | Mitosis is cell division. Meiosis is sex cell division in which the cells only have half the number of chromosomes needed to produce offspring. |
| What are the phases of mitosis and what order do they occur in? | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis |
| vacuole-storage for the cell. lysosomes-break down large food particles into smallers ones. | |
| What does meiosis produce? | 4 sex cells with half the number of chromosomes. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| What are the different types of passive transport? | Diffusion, where the molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and osmosis, the diffusion of water molecules. |
| What are the dif. types of active transport? | Transport by proteins, where the cell moves things in and out by using transport proteins that "pick up" the molecule. Transport by engulfing is where the cell engulfs a particle and then forms a vacuole around the particle. |
| What will happen when a cell is placed in pure water, and then salt water? | The cell will fill with pure water. It will shrink because of the high levels of salt. |
| How are living things organized? | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism |
| What compound do living things need to undergo cellular respiration? | Oxygen |
| The cell will fill with pure water. It will shrink because of the high levels of salt. | |
| When fermentation (anaerobic respiration) occurs in muscle cells, what happens? | Lactic acids build up and make your muscles feel tired, sore, and weak. |
| Where does photosynthesis occur? | In the leaves of the plant or other green parts. |
| What are the products of photosynthesis? | Glucose and Oxygen. |
| How are photosynthesis and respiration related? | They are basically the opposite of each other. One produces food the other breaks it down. |
| What is DNA? | The genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring. |
| Where are genes located? | In the chromosomes of the cell |
| What is a mutation? | Any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome |
| What are proteins made up of? | Amino acids |
| What does transfer RNA bring to messenger RNA during protein synthesis? | Amino acids to add to the protein |
| Compare phenotype and genotype. | Phenotype is the physical characteristics of the organism. Genotype is the genetic characteristics of the organism. |
| What are some common genetic disorders? | Cystic fibrosis, Sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, Huntington's disease, and Down syndrome |
| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What is heredity? | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| What did Darwin notice about finches from the Galapagos Islands?They had each adapted to their specific environment | Cystic fibrosis, Sickle-cell disease, hemophilia, Huntington's disease, and Down syndrome |
| How does natural selection power evolution? | Only the organisms with the helpful trait survive. This makes for organisms with that trait. Evolution can now act. |
| When do you use a beaker, graduated cylinder, or flask? | When measuring volume |
| When do you use a ruler, measure tape, or meter stick? | When measuring length |
| When do you use a balance or scale? | When measuring mass |
| Have human activities over the past few hundred years increased the rate of extinctions of plants and animals or decreased them? | Increased |
| What is an adaptation? | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce |
| List supporting evidence for evolution by natural selection. | Helpful adaptations accumulate in a species because only the organisms with those traits survive. That way the species evolves by the only living things that have the trait will survive. |
| What causes genetic mutations? | Mutations in the DNA of an organism. |
| A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce | |
| List supporting evidence for evolution by natural selection. | Helpful adaptations accumulate in a species because only the organisms with those traits survive. That way the species evolves by the only living things that have the trait will survive. |
| What causes genetic mutations? | Mutations in the DNA of an organism. |
Created by:
wpedersen10079
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