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1_15 Pharm1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rx that can induce SLE | CHIMPP Q: clorpromazine, hydralazine, INH, methyldopa, penicillamine, procainamide, quinidine. |
| describe Reye's symptoms, cause | hepatoencephalopathy (fatty liver, hypoglyc), from treating viral dz in children w Aspirin |
| what Rx can cause aplastic anemia | “I really can’t say, could be inside or gone nextdoor to play happy hippos w harry' MC: idiopathic, radiation, carbamzepine, sulfa, chloramphenicol, benzene, sulfa, viral (Parvo, Hep B/C, EBV, CMV, HIV, zoster) |
| Causes of acute hep, hepatic necrosis | ATM TB: acetaminophen, tetracycline, methyldopa, TB meds (rifampin, INH, pyrzainamide); necrosis=halothane, valproate, acetaminophen |
| what Rx can cause agranulocytosis | clozapine (atypical antipsych for schizo, acts on 5HT&Dopa R), carbamazepine (epilepsy), colchicine (acute gout), propylthiuracil, methimazole (both thyroid) |
| what used to treat gout that's not acute | probenacid (prevents absorption uric acid in PCT), allopurinol (inhibits xanthine oxidase) |
| what's sulfasalazine? What's it used for? | combination of sulfapyridine Ab and mesalamine (salicilate, anti-inflamm); tx ulcer colitis |
| what's infliximab? Tx? | anti-TNF; tx Crohn's and RA |
| etanercept? Tx? | TNF decoy R, tx:RA, psoriasis, and ankyl spondyl |
| treatment acute gout | colchicine, but indomethacine(NSAID) is less toxic |
| phenoxybenzamine? Tx? | alpha blocker (non selective v mirtazapine a2 for depression), tx pheochromocytoma and hypotonic bladder/overflow incontinence |
| mirtazapine? Tx? | alpha 2 blocker for depression |
| Causes of liver cirrhosis? Necrosis? | acetaminophen, MTX; necrosis=halothane, valproate, acetaminophen |
| causes S-J | sulfa, allopurinol, Abx: PCN, cephalo, quino; sz: phenytoin, phenobarb, carbamazepime |
| SE metformin | GILMAR=GI, lactic aciodsis, metallic taste, age (note>80), renal (can’t use if Cr _1.5 male, _1.4 female) |
| SE MTX | GLOBIn: GI upset, oral ulcers, BM suppression, hepatic injury, interstitial pneumonitis. **give folate and monitor LFTs and renal |
| SE valproic | SE valproic='w-tangs' wgt gain, tremor, alopecia, NTD, GI (N/V), sedation |
| SE carbamazepine | NNASSA=N/NTD, AV block , skin rash/S-J, siADH, aplastic anemia. Kaplan says MC SE drowsiness, dizziness |
| SE captopril | CAPTOPR'=Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Preg problems (fetal renal damages), renal failure, rash. **don’t use w bilateral renal artery stenosis. |
| SE phenytoin | gingival hypertrophy, hirsutism, rash/S-J, LAD, ataxia, slurred speech, confusion, diplopia, nystag and neuropathy w longterm use |
| mech/use odansetron | use for refractory chemo related N/V. A 5HT antagonist (dolasetron, granisetron are related). |
| how is phenazopyridine used | aka pyridium, urinary analgesic |
| what is dalteparin | LMWH |
| SE amio | watch for pul fibrosis (also bleomycin), difft types of pul injury incl chronic interstitial pneumonitis, organizing pna, and ARDS, also hypo/hyperthyr, liver toxicity, also corneal deposits, incrses dig levels and prolong Coumadin effect. |
| what is reserpine used for | anti-HTN and anti-psych |
| what is dextramethorphan used for | anti cough |
| what type of Rx is phenylephrine, use? | decongestant, used for nosebleeds, similar to pseudoephedrine, also used for testing heart murmurs (incrses resistance) |
| what type of Rx is tacrine? Use? | anti cholinesterase, Alz, dementia |
| what type of Rx is phenelzine | MAOI for depression (esp atypical |
| mech/use metoclopramide | Dopa agonist and promotility. Anti N/V |
| what type of Rx is pramipexole | Dopa agonist for PD (also pergolide and bromocriptine |
| what is prochlorperazine used for | for N/V, has EPS |
| what Rx used for Gauchers | imiglucerase replacement (recombinant glucocerebrosidase) |
| what type of Rx is clonazepam | benzo |
| what type of Rx is phentolamine | anti a adrenergic, can be used for pheo |
| what is diphenoxylate used for | for diarrhea |
| what is cisapride used for | constipation |
| what is bethanecol used for | promotility (ie metoclopramide), can be used for advanced PUD, also hypotonic bladder/overflow incontinence |
| what type of Rx is chlorpropamide and how used | sulfonyl urea used for DM, but 1st generation so not used anymore. Has siADH and disulfram like effects w EtOH |
| mech/use diphenhydramine | Benadryl=anti-His for anaphylaxis, allergies, anti N/V, motion sickness, acute dystonias in EPS. Avoid in elderly bc SE sedation, hypotension, AMS |
| what type of Rx is galantamine | anti cholinesterase, Alz, dementia |
| how is clofazime used | in leprosy |
| what type of Rx is donepezil? Use? | anti cholinesterase, Alz, dementia |
| what is benzonatate used for | anti cough |
| how is mioxidil used | Rogaine=hair growth, SE of tachycardia, fluid retention so don't use in severe CAD |
| SE verapamil | constipation, heart block, hyperK, liver dysfxn, prolactin |
| what kind of Rx is meclizine, use? | Dramamine, antiHis used for dizziness |
| what type of Rx is selegeline | MAOI used in PD |
| what kind of Rx is chlorpheniramine, use? | antiHis allergic component of acute sinusitis |
| what type of Rx is clozapine | atypical, 2nd gen anti psych |
| what type of Rx is lansoprazole | PPI |
| what type of Rx is loratadine? Ranotidine? | antiHis for allergic rhinitis; H2 blocker used in GERD |
| what type of Rx is famotidine? | H2 blocker used in GERD |
| what's bosentan? Use? | an endothelin R antagonist used for pul artery HTN |
| what's fosfomycin? Use? | an Abx used for UTIs, can be used in pregnant women |
| what's anastrozole? Use? | aromatase inhib for tx Br ca in post menopausal women, but incrsd incidence of fx |
| what's mafenide aacetate? Use? | a sulfanamide, used to prevent infection in burn victims when deep burn |
| what's thioridazine? 2 key SE? | retinal pigmentation, cardiotoxicity |
| SE quinidine | cinchoism (tinnitus, HA), thrombocytopenia, arrhythmias (ie torsades de pointes) |
| SE of statins | myositis, reversible incrsd LFTs |
| Rx causing long QT | TCA, Li, phenothiazines, thioridazine, quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide |
| what's the thalimidines | like a thiazide diuretic, but hypoK can be worse |
| what's chlorthalidone | like a thiazide diuretic, but hypoK can be worse |
| what's metolazone | like a thiazide diuretic, but hypoK can be worse |
| what's triamterene | a K+ sparing diuretic |
| what's amiloride | a K+ sparing diuretic |
| what's bumetanide | a loop diuretic |
| which ACEI most likely to give angioedema? Which ARB? | enalapril, condesartan |
| NG dilates arteries, veins or both | mostly veins (Arteries at high doses) |
| 2 key SE to look for in nitroprusside | MetHb, thyocyanate |
| what key SE to watch for w prazosin | postural hypotension, esp first dose |
| key effects of verapamil on conduction, contractility and cardiac BF. How compare to dilt, nifedpine? | verapamil=lot AV block, decrsd, contract, not much incrs in cor BF. Dilt decrses contractility and some, incrs cor BF. Nifedipine has no affect on conduction or contractility but very severe hypotension (can't use in USA or AoS, is used for Reynauds) |
| hydralazine dilates arteries, veins, or both? | arteries |
| isosorbide dinitrate dilates arteries, veins, or both? | veins |
| what's bretylium | anti arrhytmic for V Tach and V Fib |
| what's propafenone | anti arrhytmic for V Tach and V Fib, very strong negative inotrope |
| Rx can cause gynecomastia | “Some Drugs create awesome knockers' spironolactone, dig, cimetidine, EtOH, ketocanazole |
| causes siADH | “Psych Can’t (4) Diurese Old (2) Vodka' antipsych, carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, clofibrate, cyclophosphamide, vincristin/vinblastine, opiates, oxytocin |
| SE AZT (zidovudine) | Zidovudine (AZT)=myopathy, hematotoxic, also incrsd AST/ALT |
| SE cisplatin | Cisplatin=watch for nephrotoxicity, give lots of fluids. Also can cause deafness |
| SE steroids | cataracts, osteoporosis, Cushing syndrome (moon facies-broad cheeks w temporal wasting), facial plethora, thin/fragile skin, purple stria, acne. HTN, CHF. DM. Gastritis or PUD, acute pancreatitis, fatty infiltration of liver. Etc, etc |
| what's aripiprazole | wgt neutral 2nd gen anti psych |
| induce P450 | Queen barb refuses common grocery pretzels quinidine, barbs, rifampin, carbamazepine, griseofulcin, phenytoin |
| inhibit P450 | Inhibitors stop cyber-kids from eating grapefruit INH, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythro/clarithro, grapefruit, |
| metabolized by P450 | Bad BAB NiP QuiT War barbs, benzos, amide anesthetics, bb (metoprolol/propranolol), nifedipine, phenytoin, quinidine, theophylline, warfarin, |
| incrsd risk of dig toxicity | quinidine, cimetidine, amio, CCBs , spironolactone |
| what's amoxapine | potent anti-psych w antidepress. Wgt gain is similar to other antipsychs, not used anymore bc SE profile of newer ones much better |
| key SE vincristine/vinblastine | peripheral neuro and siADH |
| what's cytarabine? Key SE | cancer Rx, eye problems (prevent w topical steroids) |
| key SE bleomycin and bulsulfan | retroperitoneal and pul fibrosis, busulfan can also cause adrenal failure |
| SE cyclophosphamide | hemorrhagic cystitis, diarrhea, bladder cancer, leucopenia, siADH |
| key uses and SE azathioprine | purine analog often used as steroid sparing agent for autoimmune blistering dzs: elevated LFTs, bone marrow suppression, risk of lymphoproliferative |
| warfarin toxicity | FlAME BaQ (ie bleeding) flucanazole, amio, metronidazole, erythro [and most macrolides], bactrim, quinolones |
| what's methoxyflurane? Key SE | anesthetic, DI |
| key 2 SE halothane | can cause malignant hypothermia, also liver necrosis |
| TNF inhiibitors put at risk for? Name a Rx | infliximab, reactivation TB |
| what diuretic be careful of for someone on Li | thiazide, can cause toxicity |
| SE bb | fatigue, depression, insomnia, bad lipids, hallucinations, raynauds, sexual dysfxn, asthma if nonselective |
| Rx that cause photosensitivity | tetracyclines, amio, sulfonamides sat for photo |
| Rx that can induce G6PD hemolysis | SIPPN CAND flava beans sulfa, INH, primaquine, pyrimethamine, NSAID, chloramphenicol, ASA, nitrofurantoin(isn’t that sulfa?), dapsone |
| Rx that compete for albumin binding sites | ASA, warfarin, phenytoin |
| skin SE of amantadine | livedo reticularis |
| key SE of hydroxychloroquine | retinopathy |
| SE tetracyclines | GI, Fanconi's anemia, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration, Ca++ in tissues, acute hepatitis |
Created by:
ehstephns
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