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cells and tissues u1
anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | headquaters or control center for all cells |
| DNA | DEOXYRIBIBONUCLEIC ACID, blue print that contains all instruction for building the whole body |
| Chromatin | when cell not dividing its DNA is combined with protien and form a loose network of threadsbumpy |
| Nuclear envelope or membrane | double membrane around the nucleus,fluid filled space,various point are fused creating nuclear pores,selectively permeable,passage much freer than elsewhere due to large size of nuclear pores |
| Nucleoli | found on Nucleus small dark staining round bodies. Site of ribosome assembly |
| Chromosomes | when a cell is dividing to form 2 daughter cells, chromatin threads coil and condense to form dense rodlike bodies called______ |
| Plasma membrane | _____________a fragile, transparent barrier that contains cell contents and sperate them from the surrounding enviornment |
| Phospholipids | polar heads hydrophilic non polar tails hydrophobic, makes the plasma membrane impermiable to most water soluble molecules |
| Microvilli | fingerlike projections that greatly increase surface area of cell for absorption |
| Tight Junctions | impermiable juntions that bind the cells together into a leakproof sheet that prevent substances from passing thru the extracellular space between the cells |
| Desmosomes | anchoring junctions that prevent the cells from being pulled apart |
| Gap juntions | commonly seen in in the heart and embryonic cells, function mainly for communication between cells |
| Cytoplasm | cellular material locatedoutside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane contains cytosol,organelles and inclusions |
| Cytosol | semitransparent fluid that suspends other elements |
| Inclusions | non funtioning units contain stored nutrients or cell products(may or may not be present depending on cell type |
| Organalles | (little organs) specialized cellular compartments, each preforming it own function to maintain the life of the cell |
| Mitochondria | sausage shaped organelle, powerhouse of the cell. forms ATP for energy for all cellular work |
| Ribosomes | tiny bodies made of protien and one variety of RNA called ribosomal RNA, the accual site of protien synthesis, some float free in the cytoplasm |
| Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) | studed with ribosomes, all of the material of cellular membrane are formed either in it or on it (membrane factory) |
| Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum) | comunicates with rough ER but does not play arole in protien synthesis but funtions in cholesterol and fat synthesis and breakdown and detoxification of drugs and pesticides |
| Chromatin | when cell not dividing, its DNA is combined with protien and forms a loose network of bumpy threads called_____________________ |
| Golgi Apparatus | appears as flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles. generally found close to the nucleus and is the principle "trafic director" for protiens, its major function is to modify and package protiens |
| Lysosomes | appear different in size and are membranous "bags"containing powerful enzymes capable of digesting worn-out or nonusable cell structures and forien substances that enter the cell |
| Peroxisomes | membranous sacs containing powerful oxidase enzymes that use molecular o2 to detoxify a number of harmful or poisonous substances including alcohol and formaldehyde |
| Cytoskeleton | elaborate network of protien structures extends thru the cytoplasm, it acts as a bones and muscles, mad up of microtubules and intermediate filaments |
| Centrioles | paired, lies close to the nucleus, rod shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other, during cell division they direct the formation of of the miotic spindles |
| Cilia | whip like cellular extentions that move subtances along the cell surface |
| Flagella/Flagellum | the only example in the human body is the sperm which has a single propulsive_____ called its tail |
Created by:
crackl
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