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BR - Pathology Signs
Board Review - Pathology Signs & Symptoms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What best defines pathology? | study of disease |
| What best describes osteoporosis? | poor metabolism of calcium; ca is pulled off bone faster than it is replaced |
| What can cause swelling of inter-phalangeal joints? | both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis |
| What is lordosis? | anterior curvature (swayback) |
| This pathological condition is characterized as an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in joints and can lead to deformity. What is the name of the condition? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Which condition involves injury to the soft tissue of the neck caused by high velocity flexion and extension? | whiplash |
| Which disorder is characterized as a chronic pain syndrome that involves a complicated combination of related sleep disorders, tenderness and stiffness, endocrine and neurotransmitter imbalances, and emotional state? | fibromyalgia |
| What pathological condition is also known as wryneck? | torticollis |
| Which structure is poliomyelitis associated with? | lower motor neurons |
| Rickets is caused by a deficiency of which of the following? | vitamin D |
| Muscle atrophy of the entire arm is most likely caused by which of the following? | brachial plexus injury |
| What best describes herpes zoster? | viral infection of sensory neurons caused by chicken pox virus, aka shingles |
| Which condition is present when there is ulnar nerve injury that causes an inability to flex the fingers fully? | flaccidity |
| What does Erb's paralysis affect? | brachial plexus |
| In Still's disease, what happens? | causes swelling of lymph nodes and spleen |
| What can impetigo be caused by? | staphylococcus infection |
| What are claw hands an example of? | spastic paralysis |
| Which is a sign of a first degree burn? | reddening of the skin |
| What is the responsible organism that causes individual boils (furuncles) or clusters of boils (carbuncles)? | staphylococcus infection |
| Which of the following is a contagious skin disease? Impetigo, dermatomyosis, psoriasis, eczema | impetigo |
| A person with aphasia has difficulty doing what? | speech production |
| Which is a characteristic of tenosynovitis? | inflammation of a tendon sheath, usually in the wrist, with swelling and audible creaking on movement, often results from repetitive movements |
| Which is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism? Weight gain, irritability, tremor, weight loss | weight gain |
| Which is associated with CTS? Pain with flexion of wrist, hypertonic forearm flexors, numbness/tingling in digits 1-4 | all |
| How are the blister-like skin lesions of herpes zoster distributed over the body? | following course of peripheral nerves |
| Following activity that generates a lot of sweating, which is most likely the cause of muscle cramps and/or muscle pain? | loss of sodium |
| How would you characterize rheumatoid arthritis? | chronic systemic disease |
| What is a symptom of synovitis? | joint is warm, puffy, boggy to touch, it is inflammation of synovial membrane. |
| Your client has sprained his ankle multiple times in the past 15 years. Range of the connective tissue structures in this area has been increased. Which pathological condition might the client experience? | hypermobility |
| Which of the following describes torticollis? | a painful shortening or spasm of the neck muscles |
| What is multiple sclerosis a result of? | degeneration of myelin sheathes |
| What is the word for the probable progression of a disease? | prognosis |
| Repetitive overuse of which muscle is most likely to be the cause of tennis elbow? | extensor carpi radialis brevis |
| What muscle is directly affected by TMJ dysfunction? | Masseter |
| Which of the following activites is most certain to aggravate popliteal tendonitis? Swimming, running downhill, reclining, serving in tennis? | running downhill |
| Which of the following are autoimmune diseases? HIV/AIDS, Fibromyalgia & amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lupus and scleroderma, Osteoarthritis & gout | lupus and scleroderma |
| What is a disabling temporary muscle condition? | cramp, charlie horse, spasm |
| What is the name for inflammation of a tendon that is caused by trauma, overuse, or inflammatory disease? | tendonitis |
| What is the usual location for inflammation and pain when tennis elbow is the diagnosis? | at or distal to the tendon of origin of wrist extensors |
| Where does a sprain usually occur? | ligaments |
| What is most likely to be the cause of a sprained ligament distal to the lateral maleolus? | excessive inversion of the talocrural joint |
| Which condition can adversely affect the legs in jogging? | achilles tendonitis, bone spur on calcaneus and plantar fascilitis |
| If a client has torticollis, where on the body are muscles most likely to be hypertonic? | neck |
| A person in early stages of hypothyroidism will most likely require which of the following? | warm room |
| Which condition is highly contagious and characterized by pustules which become crusted and rupture? Adipose, impetigo, eczema, psoriasis | impetigo |
| What is chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by bacteria called? | acne vulgaris |
| What is a condition that is characterized by dry or wet lesions that are red, itchy and burn? | Eczema |
| What is the technical name for a bruise? | contusion |
| What layers of skin are involved in a third degree burn? | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
| Which of the following is a contagious skin disease? Scleroderma, mole, scabies, psoriasis | scabies |
| During a massage, your client is sweating excessively, the skin is warm and moist, and appears red and flushed. The client seems agitated and has some edema, and slightly bulging eyes. What endocrine pathology may these symptoms indicate? | hyperthyroidism |
| What is the spreading of a pathogen by particles in the air considered? | transmission by inhalation |
| What is the inflammation of pleural membrane known as | pleurisy |
| What does sinusitis indicate? | infection in the sinus |
| Emphysema results in an individual's decreased ability to exhale. Frequently the accessory respiratory muscles used for inhalation are strained. What would be a reason for emphysema? | the lungs hold residual air, and the chest becomes barrel-shaped so the diaphragm and intercostals are not able to function as efficiently |
| What happens in an asthma attack? | muscles of the bronchioles are in spasm making the air passages squeeze shut and therefore making breathing difficult |
| What does a strain involve? | muscle tendons |
| What joint structure is worn down in osteoarthritis? | articular cartilage |
| What is the condition that is characterized by a lost of bone matrix which makes bones brittle? | osteoporosis |
| Which part of heel bone has spur formation? | calcaneus |
| A lateral curve of the spine is characteristic of which of the following conditions? | scoliosis |
| What is the bony landmark for tennis elbow called? | lateral humeral epicondyle |
| What pathological condition of the skeletal system would most likely appear in a person 50 years or older? | osteoporosis |
| What is called when there is inflammation in the connective tissues? | fibrositis |
| With a peripheral nerve lesion, which would not be a common consequence? Paralysis, coldness, parasthesia, swelling | swelling |
| What is peripheral nerve damage least likely to cause? | tremors |
| When the spinal cord is damaged at the 12th thoracic vertebrae, what part of the body will benefit from massage because it is most directly and most likely affected? | legs |
| If lymph is obstructed in the right lymphatic duct, where would there be pain and numbness? | right neck and arm |
| What is a primary sign at the onset of grand mal seizure? | unconsciousness |
| Where does polio, which is a cns viral infection, affect motor neurons? | brain stem and spinal cord |
| In which of the following is atrophy of the crebra cortex present? | alzheimer's |
| What is Parkinson's disease caused by? | brain neurotransmitter deficiency |
| Which of the following is most directly associated with the cause of migraine headaches? Sleep patterns, blood vessels, eyeglasses, altitude | blood vessels |
| What disorder is characterized by brain damage symptoms and can include movement abnormality and cognitive problems? | cerebral palsy |
| What does a malfunction of the brain's electrochemical balance result in? | epilepsy |
| Facial paralysis may be due to a lesion in which cranial nerve? | seventh |
| Damage to which cranial nerve would result in the drooping of the lower lip? | facial |
| Which nerve does carpal tunnel syndrome usually affect? | median nerve |
| What is a seizure called that lasts 10-30 seconds and invoves clouding of consciousness? | petite mal |
| Which condition is characteristic of a patient who has suffered a stroke? | hemiplegia |
| Which condition is most likely to be found in the right hand of a left hemiplegic? | tonicity |
| What is stroke most commonly associated with? | embolus |
| What is an inflammation of a lymph node known as? | lymphadenitis |
| What type of cancer is associated with lymph nodes? | hodgkin's disease |
| Edema confined to an upper extremity is most likely due to which condition? | lymphatic blockage in the axilla |
| What is swelling in a woman's upper arm following a mastectomy most likely caused by? | radical removal of lymph nodes |
| What is another term for hypersensitive immune response? | allergy |
| A function of the immune system is to differentiate between normal components of the body and abnormal substances. If the immune system begins to attack itself, which of the following conditions might occur? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| The ability to endure sustained stress is related to which phase of the general adaptation? | resistance phase |
| Describe another dysfunction of the immune system that would go along with these symptoms; swollen nodes, non-restorative sleep, and muscle/joint aches? | CFS |
| What is inflammation of the urethra called? | urethritis |
| Cystitis spreads to the kidneys through which of the following structures? | ureters |
| Improper diet and dehydration can lead to the formation of abnormal deposits in the urinary tract. What are these deposits called | kidney stones |
| Progressive renal failure can lead to the need to filter blood through an external source. What is this process called? | hemodialysis |
| If an area becomes painful, hot & swollen, particularly a toe with no known injury, which condition could this be? | gout |
| What could a client experiencing insomnia complain about? | depression, stress, anxiety & Physical pain |
| What are the most common symptoms for mononucleosis? | fever, sore throat & swollen lymph nodes |
| What is a sign of CFS? | low levels of cortisol in the blood with extreme allergies |
| Which is a main diagnostic feature for sinusitis? | throbbing headache especially when bending over |
| Which of the following describes diabetes mellitus? | blood glucose is too high, leading to excretion of glucose in urine |
| What is the cause of spina bifida? | a birth defect of the neural tube |
| Which of the following are autoimmune diseases? HIV/AIDS, Fibromyalgia & amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lupus and scleroderma, Osteoarthritis & gout | lupus and scleroderma |
| What best describes warts? | slow-growing viral infections of the skin |
| What best describes meingitis? | a viral or bacterial attack on the meninges |
| What is a sign of a second degree burn? | blisters form on skin |
| Which are characteristics of scar tissue? | fewer blood vessels are present, hair follicles and sensory neurons are possibly missing, collagen fibers are much more dense than normal skin |
| What is the cause of ringworm? | fungus |
| In what manner are fungal infections communicable? | surface to skin contact, animal to human contact, skin to skin contact |
| What is the primary cause of the symptoms that indicate the presence of head lice? | saliva from the lice which causes irritation |
| What is the prmary cause of symptoms that indicates the presence of mites? | irritating waste is deposited under the skin by female mites |
| Which is true of tuberculosis? | it is caused by mycrobacterium, can exist outside the body, and it is airborne |
| What are other names for decubitus ulcers? | trophic ulcers, bed sores, pressure sores |
| Which forms of hepatitis has symptoms of fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhea? | A, B & C |
| Which form of hepatitis is most likely to be transmitted through food or water contaminated with fecal matter? | A |
| Which form of hepatitis is most known to be transmitted through blood transfusions causing blood to blood contact? | A, B & C |
| Which is a condition in which blood factors such as platelets, fibrin and entrapped cellular elements leads to vascular obstruction? | thrombosis |
| Which best describes Dupuytren's contracture? | flexion deformity of a finger is caused by shortening thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia |
| What is the leading cause of death by skin cancer? | malignant melanoma |
Created by:
Gneblu
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