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Audiology Quiz ?'s

Anatomy of Outer, Middle, Inner Ear, Psychoacoustics...

QuestionAnswer
All are a part of the outer ear except for: tympanic membrane, concha, external auditory meatus, ear lobe? tympanic membrane (Middle ear)
The amber colored, oily substance produced in the external auditory meatus is called cerumen (ear wax)
The thin sheet of bone separating the middle-ear cavity from the cranial cavity is called the tegmen tympani
The lenticular process is part of which middle ear ossicle? Incus
What bone does the lenticular process articulate with? Stapes
T/F The cochlear nerve and both branches of the vestibular nerve pass through the internal auditory meatus. True
T/F The traveling wave of the cochlear partition reaches its peak near the apex of the cochlea for low frequency sounds. True
T/F Cilia of outer hair cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane. True
T/F The basilar membrane forms an ionic barrier between the perilymph and endolymph. False, the reticular lamina does.
T/F Cochlear hair cells have a resting potential of +80 mV. False, -40mV.
T/F When the basilar membrane moves downward, hair cell cilia are deflected toward the spiral limbus. True
T/F Both type 1 cells and type 2 cells in the spiral ganglion are efferent neurons. False, both afferent.
T/F The cell bodies of efferent neurons are located in the Canal of Rosenthal (Brainstem). True
T/F When cilia are deflected toward the spiral limbus the hair cell is depolarized. False, actually an inhibitory phase.
T/F The basilar membrane is wider and under less tension at the apex of the cochlea than at the base. True.
T/F Efferent neurons synapse at the bases of outer hair cells. True.
T/F The facial nerve passes through the internal auditory meatus. True.
T/F The traveling wave along the basilar membrane moves at the speed of sound. False, it moves much slower and takes about 5ms to move from base >apex.
T/F Potassium ion channels are located at the top (apex) of hair cells. True.
Ion pumps which maintain the concentration of potassium in endolymph are located in the _________ ____________ of the scala media. Stria vascularis
Depolarization of a hair cell results in Influx of Ca++ into the hair cell (induces release of NT and opening of K+ channels so K+ leaves hair cell)
Discharge of an afferent cochlear neuron occurs when the hair cell which it innervates is depolarized
T/F Ion channels in the cilia of hair cells are opened mechanically. True
T/F Destroyed or damaged hair cells can grow back in human infants. False
T/F The fiber tract leading from the cochlear nucleus to the contralateral side of the brainstem is called the lateral lemniscus. False, trapezoid body
T/F All axons in the auditory pathway course directly from the inferior colliculus to the auditory cortex. False, to the medial geniculate body, auditory radiations...then auditory cortex.
T/F All axons of the cochlear branch of the VIII cranial nerve synapse at the cochlear nucleus. True
T/F All neurons in the auditory system simply relay information from the cochlea to the auditory cortex. False, more complex than that.
T/F The auditory area of the brain is located in the transverse temporal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. True
T/F The superior olivary complex receives input from both cochleas. True
Expansion and contraction of outer hair cells...(3 things) -increases the amplitude of vibration of the basilar membrane -increases the frequency selectivity of the traveling wave mechanism -causes otoacoustic emissions
Which of the following are believed to be involved in recycling of potassium ions in the scala media? a) connexons, b) cells of Claudius, c) the stria vascularis, d) the spiral ligament? All of these! Trick question...
The spatial organization of frequency in the auditory pathway is referred to as Tonotopic organization
Give an example of one type of otoacoustic emission that results from an acoustical stimulus. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission
The lowest frequency at which a sinusoid has pitch is ____ Hz. The human ear is most sensitive in the frequency range of _____ Hz to ____Hz. 16Hz, 1,000-4,000Hz
Loudness increases more rapidly than normal when stimulus level is raised for a person with loudness recruitment
When the method of adjustment is used to determine absolute threshold, overshoot and undershoot of threshold is controlled by having an equal number of ascending and descending trials
The threshold for a 500Hz tone presented in quiet is 5 dB SPL. In the presence of a broad-band noise, the threshold for the same tone is 35 dB SPL. What is the amount of masking in this case? 35 dB SPL-5dB SPL= 30 dB (mass threshold-threshold in quiet)
The level of the noise masker is than raised by 30 dB. If threshold of the 500 Hz tone is then measured in the presence of the more intense noise, what would it be? 30 dB + 35 dB SPL = 65 dB SPL (amt that threshold shifted + original mass threshold)
the masking of high frequency sounds by lower frequency sounds refers to "upward spread of masking"
the traveling wave of a low frequency masker "covers" or "envelopes" that of a higher frequency signal, which explains upward spread of masking
A lawnmower produces a noise that is 5 times as loud as a 1000 Hz tone at 40 dB SL. How many sones is the lawnmower noise? 5 sones.
Which theory cannot explain the "case of the missing fundamental" "place theory" of pitch perception
In order to save time, Joe the audiologist decides to present tones at a duration of 200 ms rather than use the usual 2 seconds when determining absolute threshold for pure tones. this would result in artificially high thresholds for patients
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