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Com 152

Final Exam

Question	Answer
Critical Thinking	The ability to form and defend your own judgements rather than blindly accepting or instantly rejecting what you hear or read
facts	statements that can be verified by someone other than the speaker.
opinions	Subjective judgement base on experience or expertise, not capable og being verifed by others.
strategic planning	The process of identifying your goals and then determine how to achieve them.
communication	interaction tha builds connection between people that helps them to understand each other.
Feedback	Responses from the audience to the speaker, often the form of nonverbal cues.
public	open or accesible by others; affects each other.
Public forum	A space in which citizens discuss issues affecting themselves. Needs cooperation, decision requires subjective jusdgement, and a decision is required.
situation	The particular context in which a speech is given.
Rhetoric	The study of how message affects people.
Rhetorical situation	A situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages.
identification	Formation of common bonds between the speaker and the audience.
Determinants for rhetorical situation.	Occasion, speaker, speech, Audience.
ceremonial	Speaking that focuses on the present and is usually concerned with praise.
deliberative	speaking that focuses on the future and is considered what should be done.
forensics	Speaking that focuses on the past and deals with justice.
exigence	A problem that cannot be avoided, but can be solved by a appropriate message.
informing	Providing listeners with new ideas.
persuading	influence listeners' attititudes and behavior.
entertaining	stimulating the sense of community throught the celebration of common bonds among speaker and listeners.
strategy	A plan of action to achieve stated goals.
invention	Th generation of materials for the speech.
arrangement	The structuring of materials within the main ideas, the organization of main idea within the body of a speech, and the overall strucure of introduction, body, and conclusion.
style	The distinct character that makes a speach recognizable
delivery	The presentation of the speech to an audience.
memory	Mental recall of the key ideas and the basic structure of the speech.
Extemporaneous presentation	A mode of delivery which is planned with the script.
Manual script	Delivery in which th espeaker reads aloud a prepared text.
High ethical standards	Respect for Listeners, Respect for topic, Responsibility for your statements concern for the consequences of your speech.
Responsibility for your statements; Plagiarism	using another person's words as if they were your own.
purpose	The goal of the speech, the response sought from the listeners.
thesis	The main idea of the speech, usually stated in one or two sentences.
ethos	the speakers character as perceived by the audience.
Logos	substance and structure of a speech's ideas
pathos	refers to the speaker's evoking of appropriate emotion for the audience.
introduction	Beginning of a speech. Designed to get the audience's attention, to state the thesis. and to preview the development of the speech.
body	The largest portion of your speech;includes the development of supporting materials to prov the thesis and any subsidary claims.
supporting materials	All forms of evidence that lend to the truth of a claim.
conclusion	The end of a speech; draws together the ,main points and provides a note of finality.
preparation outline	An outline used developing a speech; main ideas and supporting materials are usually set forth in complete sentences.
presentation outline	An outline used while presenting a speech; concists of keywords on the index cards.
communication apprehension	Fears and worries about communicating with each other.
anticipation reaction	increase anxiety felt by whil thinking in advance about giving a speech
confrontation reaction	increase anxiety when beginning to speak.
Hearing	A sensory process in which sound waves are transmitted to the brain.
listening	A mental operation involving processing sound waves, interpreting their meaning, and storing their meaning and in memory.
attention span	The length of time a person will attend to a message without feeling distracted.
assimilation	The tendency to regard two similar messages as basically identical, blurring the distinction between them.
mapping	Diagramming the relationship between the thesis of a speech and its main idea.
critical listening	Listening that enables you to offer both an accurate rendering of the speech and an interpretation and assesment of it.
assumptions	unstated, taken-for granted beliefs in a particular situation.
reflective	considered, thoughtful
critical judgements	Judgements that can be articulated and defended by providing the reasons for them.
expediency standard	Evaluation of a speech according to the effects it produced.
atistic standard	Evaluation of a speech according to its ethical execution of principles of public speaking without regard to its actual effects.
rhetorical crticism	The analytical assessment of messages that are intended to affect other people.
empathy	feeling what listeners feel and knowing what they think.
volume	loudness of voice.
pitch	placement of the voice on the musical scale, ranging from high to low.
monotone	a very narrow, unchanging the pitch range.
rate	the speed at which a person speaks, measured in words per minute.
pauses	periods of brief silence within a speech.
vocalize pauses	uh or um
articulation	Precision and clarity in the production of individual vocal sounds.
enunciation	Precision and distinctness in sounding words.
prononciation	sounding of a word in the accepted way.
dialect	A prononciation pattern that characterizes a particular geographic area,economic or socal class, or cultural factors.
inflection	Prononciation pattern for a sentence as whole.
gesture	Movement of hands and arms during the speech for emphasis.
anticipation step	First step of gesture; bring the hands to the middle before making the gesture.
implementation step	execution of gesture
relaxation step	returning hands to a normal posiiton.
eye contact	looking directly at members of the audience.
distributed practice	practice spread over time.
massed practice	A long practice before delivering the speech.
topic	The subject area of the speech.
brain storming	A mental free-association exercise which identifies without evaluation.
topoi	common or typical categories for organizing subject matter.
perspective	The point of view from which one approaches a topic.
agenda setting	Causing listeners to be aware of and to think about a topic that previously had escaped their attention.
conversion	The replacement of one setof beliefs by another that is inconsistent with the first.
general purpose statement	Statement of the overall goal of the speech
specific purpose statement	Statement of the particular outcome sought from the audience; a more specific version of a general purpose.
issue	A question raised by the thesis statement that must be addressed in order for the thesis itself to be addressed effectively.

Created by: 1682298726

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