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Chapter 7
8th Grade Social Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Constitution | a set of laws that set up the government of the United States of America (like an architect uses blueprints to build a home, the founding fathers wrote the Constitution to set up the government and laws) ) |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution of the United States of America; had a weak central government |
| cede | to give up |
| currency | money |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | law setting up a system for settling (living in) the Northwest Territory |
| Northwest Ordinance | a 1787 article that set up a government for the Northwest Territory, guaranteed basic rights to settlers, and outlawed slavery there. |
| depression | a period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises |
| Shays' Rebellion | a 1786 revolt in Massachusetts led by farmers in reaction to high taxes. Showed many Americans that the Articles of Confederation did not work. |
| Constitutional Convention | gathering of state representatives in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation |
| Virginia Plan | plan at the Constitutional Convention, favored by larger states, that called for a strong national government and representation based on population |
| Legislative Branch | branch of government that makes laws |
| Executive Branch | branch of government that makes sure laws are being followed |
| Judicial Branch | branch of government that explains the meaning of laws and makes sure they follow the Constitution |
| New Jersey Plan | plan at the Convention, favored by smaller states, that called for an equal number of representatives for each state. |
| compromise | a settlement in which each side gives up some of its demands in order to reach an agreement |
| The Great Compromise | plan at the Convention that settled the differences between large and small states |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement at the Convention that three fifths of the slaves in any states be counted in its population |
| Founding Fathers | James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and other leaders who laid the groundwork for the United States |
| republic | system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them |
| dictatorship | government in which one person or a small group holds complete authority |
| Magna Carta | signed in 1215, a British document that contains two basic ideas:monarchs themselves have to obey the laws, and citizens have basic rights |
| English Bill of Rights | a 1689 document that guaranteed the rights of English citizens |
| habeas corpus | the right that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime |
| separation of powers | the powers of government are divided among separate branches |
| Federalists | supporter of the Constitution who favored a strong federal, or national government |
| Antifederalists | people who opposed the Constitution and a strong national or federal government |
| The Federalist Papers | series of essays by Federalists James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay in support of ratifying or approving the Constitution |
| amend | change |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
| Congress | the Legislative Branch;made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate |
| federal government | national government; government that manages the business of the nation |
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