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APHG CH2 vocabulary
Rubenstein's APHG textbook Chapter 1 vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture |
Agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by the total land area |
Census | A complete enumeration of a population |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society |
Demographic Transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population |
Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics |
Dependency Ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compated to the number of people active in the labor force |
Doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase |
Epidemiological transition | Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
Epidemiology | Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people |
Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
Industrial Revolution | A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods |
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society |
Life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expeccted to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions (Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live) |
Medical Revolution | Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa |
Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate |
Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living |
Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population |
Physiological Density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture |
Population Pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex |
Sex Ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population |
Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years |
Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero |