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Ant. Forearm
Gross II - Zumpano Fall 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the superficial muscles of the forearm? | Pronator teres; Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris |
| What is the intermediate muscle of the forearm? | Flexor digitorum superficialis |
| What are the deep muscles of the forearm? | Pronator quadratus; Flexor policis longus, Flexor digitorum profundus |
| What nerves are found in anterior forearm? | Median n. & Anterior interosseous n. |
| What forearm muscles are innervated by the MEDIAN n? | (1)Flexor digitorum superficialis; (2)pronator teres; (3)flexor carpi radialis, (4)palmaris longus |
| What forearm muscles are innervated by the ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS n.? | (1) Pronator quadratus; (2) Flexor policis longus; (3) 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2 & 3) |
| What forearm muscles are innervated by ULNAR n.? | (1) 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus (digits 4 & 5); (2) Flexor carpi ulnaris |
| Deep branch of radial n. is correlated with what motor functions? | Extensors of posterior forearm |
| Median n. supplies what types of muscles? | Wrist flexors & thenar muscles |
| Which nerve does not have a reflex associated with the muscle? How is it tested? | Median n. Wrist flexion |
| Origin of PRONATOR TERES | Humeral head = medial epicondyle; ulnar head = coronoid process |
| Insertion of PRONATOR TERES | Midway along lateral surface of radius |
| Innervation of PRONATOR TERES | Median n. |
| Spinal level of PRONATOR TERES | C7 |
| Action of PRONATOR TERES | Secondary pronator (recruited when force or speed is needed); Rotation of radius on ulna, turning palm medially & backward |
| Origin of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS | Medial epicondyle |
| Insertion of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS | Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal |
| Innervation of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS | Median n. |
| Spinal level of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS | C7 |
| Actions of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS | (1) Flexes 2nd carpometacarpal joint and hand at wrist; (2) Radial deviation (abduction) w/ extensor carpi radialis; (3) Steadies hand w/ flexor carpi ulnaris |
| Origin of PALMARIS LONGUS | Medial epicondyle |
| Insertion of PALMARIS LONGUS | Flexor retinaculum of palmar aponeurosis |
| Function of Palmar Aponeurosis | 1. Protects nerves & vessels in hand; 2. Anchors skin |
| Innervation of PALMARIS LONGUS | Median n. |
| Spinal level of PALMARIS LONGUS | C8 |
| Actions of PALMARIS LONGUS | Tenses palmar aponeurosis & weakly flexes wrist |
| Origin of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS | Medial epicondyle; medial aspect of olecranon process; posterior border of ulna |
| Insertion of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS | Pisiform; hamate; base of 5th metacarpal |
| Innervation of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS | Ulnar n. |
| Spinal levels of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS | C7, C8 |
| Actions of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS | (1) Flexes 5th carpometacarpal joint; (2) adduction of hand (ulnar deviation) with extensor carpi ulnaris; (3) steadies wrist with flexor carpi radialis. |
| Functions of Flexor Retinaculum | (1) keep tendons in wrist/carpal tunnel (prevents bow stringing) (2) Increases strength of tendons that pass under it. |
| Origin of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS | Humeroulnar head = medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna; Radial head = anterior surface of radius distal to radial tuberosity |
| Insertion of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS | 4 tendons which split to attach at medial & lateral sides of bases of middle phalanges for digits 2-5 |
| Innervation of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS | C8 |
| Action of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS | "power grip muscle" flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints |
| Origin of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | UPPER 3/4TH OF ANTEROMEDIAL ASPECT OF ULNA & ULNAR HALF OF INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE |
| Insertion of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | Its 4 tendons pass thru tendons of FDS at bases of middle phalanges to insert at bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| Innervation of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | Anterior Interosseous n. |
| Spinal level of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | C8 |
| Action of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS | Flexes distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) after the PIPs are flexed by FDS. (Gentle grip flexor & weak wrist flexor) |
| Origin of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | Radial head = anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane; Humeral head = medial epicondyle & coronoid process of ulna |
| Insertion of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | Base of distal phalanx of thumb |
| Innervation of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | Anterior Interosseous n. |
| Spinal level of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | C8 |
| Action of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS | Flexes interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb |
| Origin of PRONATOR QUADRATUS | Distal 1/4th of anterior surface of ULNA |
| Insertion of PRONATOR QUADRATUS | Distal 1/4th of anterior surface of RADIUS |
| Action of PRONATOR QUADRATUS | Principle pronator of forearm |
| What muscle is recruited for forceful/rapid pronation? | Pronator teres |
| What are the entrapment sites of the median n? | (1) medial intermuscular septa; (2) pronator teres; (3) FDS/FDP tunnel; (4) Pronator quadratus (AIN); (5) carpal tunnel; (6) FPB/APB |
| palmar cutaneous n. supplies what area of hand? | heel of hand |
Created by:
mrw2013
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