Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Science
Methodologies, Forces, Energy & Motion, Waves and Electromagnetic Spectrum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is the scientific method used to solve problems? | an orderly method for gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge. |
| Components that make up scientific method? | observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion |
| What is the principal of falsifiability | In order for a hypothesis to be considered scientific, it must be testable and aim to prove things to be false. |
| Define fact. | a phenomenon about which competent observers can agree. |
| Define theory | foundation, but evolves. Example: theory of relativity |
| Define Law | hypothesis tested over and over a/k/a principle |
| Define evidence | |
| Define experiment | |
| What did Galileo do to challenge Aristotle's belief that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones? | He experimented. He dropped heavy and light objects from Tower of Pisa |
| What is a system? | Digestive system, tree, etc. |
| How are systems used to study science/biology? | Whole is greater than sum of its parts. |
| What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? | Inductive reasoning - observe to reach conclusion. Deductive reasoning - From general to specific. |
| How is creativity used in science? | x |
| How are hypotheses used in scientific inquiry? | Tentative answer to well-framed questions. |
| What elements are imporant when designing a controlled experiment? | Exclude variable. |
| How does a hypothesis differ from a scientific theory? | Hypothesis is a guess. A theory is based on foundation, but evolves. |
| What is the relationship between science and technology? | Science gathers knowledge and organizes it. Technology provides instruments to conduct investigations. |
| Explain how field studies are used in science. | x |
| Define biology | Matther that is alive. |
| Chemistry | How matter is put together. |
| Physics. | Motoin, force, energy. |
| Geology. | Earth |
| Earth science | Physics and chemistry applied to earth |
| Astronomy | Apply physics, chemistry, and geology to planets and stars. |
| What is the goal of using an integrated approach to study science? | To understand the world, enhanced beauty and appreciation for nature. |
| Explain the limitations of science. | x |
| Explain the limitations of a scientific investigation. | Unseen error in experiments. |
| How does biology integrate other disciplines? Give an example. | x |
| Describe the themes that unify biology. | x |
| Define grams | Measures mass |
| Define Liters | Measures volume |
| Define micrometers | Measures very small objects (ants, etc.) |
| Define km/hr | Kilometers per hour - measures speed |
| Define millimeters | measures length |
| Define meters/second/second (m/s2) | acceleration of freefall |
| Define amperes | Measures rate of electrical flow |
| Define pH units | measures potential of hydrogen |
| Define Newtons | Measures units of force |
| define volts | measures electrical pressure |
| define ohms | measures electrical resistance |
| define joules | measures energy |
| define millivolts | 1/1000 of a volt; milli=1,000 |
| define nanometers | measures distance |
| define kilograms | measures mass |
| define Kelvin | measures temperature |
| define grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) | measures mass density |
| define meters | measures length |
| define watts | measures electricity |
| Why do we use machines? | Conserve energy |
| What is the equation for work? | Work = force x distance |
| How does a simple machine affect work output? | multiplies forces or changes direction of force |
| How does a simple machine affect force output? | increases magnitude - a mechanical advantage has been produced. |
| What is the difference between force output and work output? | x |
| List the types of simple machines. | Lever, wheel & axlly, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a lever? | Applied force of 10 pounds will balance resisted force of 100 pounds (jack, etc.) |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle? | Speed and distance increased five times |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley? | Changes direction of force |
| What is the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane? | x |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a wedge? | x |
| What is the mechanical advantage of a screw? | x |
| What is gravitational force? | gravitational force between objects due to mass |
| Explain what happens to the gravitational force when there is a change in mass and/or distance. | Force becomes weaker. |
| Use an example to explain the inverse-square law. | Light gets dimmer with distance. |
| What is projectile motion? | Only force acting on object is gravity. |
| How does an object become a satellite? | If it moves fast enought so that its curved path matches earth's curvature. |
| What happens to a satellite when its speed exceeds 8 km/s? | It will overshoot a circular path and wioll trace an oval path - an ellipse |
| Explain the role of gravity in the formation of solar systems and galaxies. | Dust attractd together by gravity collapsed |
| List the ways that gravity affects the objects in the solar system. | Gravity makes planets spherical, maitain orbits. |
| Why does the same side of the moon always face the earth? | Moon rotates as earth rotates. |
| Explain the relationship between thermal energy and gravitational force in a star's life cycle. | When stars/planets contract, gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy |
| How does gravity affect light in a black hole? | It absorbs all light. |
| How does gravitational field affect light? | Causes path of light to be bent. |
| What is the electrical force? | Positives repel positives, but attract negatives. |
| Explain the conservation of charge. | When something is charged, no electrons are created or destroyed; just transferred from one material to another |
| How is Coulomb's law regarding electrical force similar to Newton's law of universal gravitation? | The electrical force, like gravitational force, decreases as distance increases. |
| How does Coulomb's law differ from Newton's law of universal gravitation? | Electrical forces attract or repel; gravity only attracts |
| Describe the inverse-square law | Charge and gravity decreases with distance |
| What happens when a charged particle enters an electric field? | Force on positive charge (proton) is in same direction as field. |
| How can electric potential energy increase? | Do work on it; pushing positively charged article closer |
| Explain what volt means when referring to a nine-volt battery. | Electrical potential and voltage are same thing. |
| Explain why glass is an insulator whereas silver is a conductor. | electrical conductors are materials that allow charged particles (electrons) to pass through easily; metals have loose electrons-glass has bonded electrons. |
| Why is a potential difference needed for an electric current? | Charges flow from higher potential to lower potential; without difference,, no flow of charge will occur. |
| Explain the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). | DC - electrons move from negative to positive in same direction. AC - electgrons move in both directions. |
| Explain the relationship between current, resistance, and voltage in ohm's law. | Twice current for twice voltage. The greater the resistance, the smaller the current. |
| What is a resistor? | Circuit element that regulates current. |
| How does a parallel circuit differ from a series circuit? | Parallel has more than one path. Series has only one way around. |
| How does magnetic force differ from electric force? | The force exerted between two magnetic poles |
| Explain what makes an object magnetic. | Movement of electrical charges and miniature magnetic field of particles. |
| How doe sa compass work? | The earth is a huge magnet. |
| What is an electromagnet? | Charges at rest do not respond to magnets. |
| Describe how moving charges interact with a magnetic field. | They are deflected. |
| Why does a magnet deflect a current-carrying wire? | Charged particles inside the wire are also deflected. |
| Explain electromagnetic induction. | An electric field is induced in any region of space in which a magnetic field is changing with time. |
| How do electric motors work? | Rotating coils of wire driven by magnetic force. |
| What is potential energy? | Energy stored in an object due to its position. |
| Example of potential energy. | Compressed spring |
| Example of electrical potential energy. | Batteries |
| Example of chemical potential energy | glucose molecule, fuels |
| Example of gravitational potential energy | elevated objects |
| What factors affect the amount of gravitational potential energy? | elevation, weight |
| Explain what happens to kinetic energy when the mass and speed of an object changes. | twice mass = twice kinetic energy. If you double speed of car, you increase kinetic energy x7; triple speed, x9 |
| Examples of different types of kinetic energy | Moving car, wind, divers - anything in motion |
| Explain the law of conservation of energy. | In the absence of external work or output, the energy of a system remains unchanged. Energy cannon be created or destroyed. |
| What is Newton's first law of motion? | Objects at rest stay at rest or in a straight line unless force is applied. |
| What is Newton's second law of motion? | Acceleration is due to force and mass |
| What is Newton's third law of motion? | When one object exerts a force on another, it pushes back with equal force |
| What is a wave? | A vibration/wiggle that travels. |
| Describe amplitude | Distance from midpoint/center of wave to top/crest |
| describe wavelength | distance from beginning of one wave to beginning of next wave |
| Describe frequency | number of to and fro vibrations in one second |
| describe period | the time required for a vibration/wave to make a complete cycle |
| summarize radio waves | AM is measured in kilohertz - 960 am broadcasts at 960,000 vibrations per second. FM broadcasts radio waves at frequency of 101,7000,000 hertz |
| Explain the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave | transvers - perpendicular/sideways to direction wave travels; longitudinal - parallel to direction of wave. |
| Give example of transverse wave | radio waves, lightwaves, musicla instruments |
| Give example of longitudinal wave | slinky |
| What changes the pitch of sound? | The Doppler Effect - ambulance getting closer, the waves are more frequent and has higher pitch; once ambulance passes, waves are less frequent and has lower pitch |
| Explain how different factors affect the speed of sound? | Sound travels faster in warm air, faster in water than air, and even faster in steel - cannot travel in a vacuum |
| Why do submerged objects appear to be nearer the surface than they actually are? | refraction |
| Explain reflection | The returning of a wave to the medium from which it came when it hits a barrier |
| explain refraction | bending of waves due to change in medium |
| explain diffraction | bending of light by means other than reflection or refraction |
| Give example of constructive intereferenc | increases amplitude |
| Give exmaple of destructive interference | decreases amplitude |
| Describe how the Doppler Effect explains teh change in pitch of a fire-engine siren and the movement of a galaxy | When light approaches, increase in frequency-blue; decreasing is red. Galaxies are moving farther away |
| How does light act as both a wave and a particle? | It is a sdtream of photons when it reacts with metal or other conductor, otherwise, it is a wave |
| Explain how energy is transferred by transverse waves | vibrate up and down and side to side |
| explain how energy is transferred by longitudinal waves | compress and expand |
| explain how energy is transferred by sound waves | x |
| explain how energy is transferred by infrasonic waves | x |
| explain how energy is transferred by ultrasonic waves | x |
| explain how energy is transferred by radio waves | x |
| explain how energy is transferred by ocean waves | x |
| What is an electromagnetic wave? | An energy-carrying wave produced when an electric charge accelerates. |
| explain how energy is transferred by S-waves (secondary earthquke waves) | This is a body wave and transvers, cannot travel through liquid |
| Describe how a tsunami transfers energy | Seismic sea wave cauesd by earthquake, volcano, or explosion; overlying plate bends downward and then snaps up; subduction zones |
| Describe the types of electromagnetic waves that are located on the electromagnetic spectrum | x |
| Compare the wavelengths, frequency, and energy of the different types of electromagnet waves | x |
| What is an electromagnetic wave? | An energy-carrying wave produced when an electric charge accelerates |
| How are all electromagnetic waves the same? How do they differ? | Travel at same speed; differ in frequency and wavelength |
| What do we use gamma rays for? | highest frequency - only in space - most dangerous |
| What do we use x-rays for? | medical, fractures, bones, teeth |
| What do we use Ultraviolet radiation for? | Blacklights |
| What do we use infrared? | Photography |
| What do we use microwaves for? | cooking! |
| What do we use radio waves for (AM and FM) |
Created by:
1537878794
Popular Science sets