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history 266 test 1
ch 23 and 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included: | the search for raw materials and mineral resources,the search for new lands to settle and cultivate,the desire to trade directly with Asian markets,the urge to extend Christianity beyond Europe. |
| Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using | a combination of square and lateen sails |
| European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or pole star above the horizon with | an astrolabe or cross staff |
| By the mid-fifteenth century Portuguese mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar that | enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against trade winds |
| The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasca da Gama offered European merchants | a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants |
| Christopher Columbus believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would | find a direct and profitable route to Japan |
| By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean resulted in | the first complete circumnavigation of the world,mapping of Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific,exploration of the coast of Alaska and the waters of the Arctic Ocean,European colonization of the Philippines. |
| Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early in the sixteenth century for all of the following reasons | ruthless policies of naval commander d'Alboquerq,the head start that Portugual enjoyed over other European powers in the exploration of the Indian Ocean,use of heavy artillery to overpower other craft & onshore sights,the Port. control of strategic ports |
| The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all of the following advantages | funds to outfit ships and hire crews,commodities and money for trade,the potential for tremendous profits,heavily armed ships to back up their demands |
| Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of | the lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance. |
| The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on | dominating the spice trade through the Sundra Strait |
| As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following | he French colonies in Canada. the French trading posts in India.Spanish Florida. |
| In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of | furs |
| In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in | the introduction of infectious diseases.the staggering loss of indigenous populations.the introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses.the introduction of food crops such as wheat |
| Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of | lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity |
| In Eurasia, new American food crops translated into | overall improvements in diet and nutrition.steady population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.more varied cuisine.better forage for livestock |
| By 1750, all of the following regions were linked by trade and commerce except | A) Australia. ** B) Brazil. C) India. D) Indonesia. E) South Africa. |
| Which region is incorrectly paired with a primary trade good? | A) Brazil and sugar. B) South Africa and wheat. C) India and cotton. D) Japan and spices.** E) Peru and silver. |
| The Manila galleons were noted for | carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines. |
| Which trading post is incorrectly paired with a European power? | A)Goa and Portugal B)Manila and Spain C)Hormuz and England ** D)Batavia and the Netherlands E)Cape Town and the Netherlands |
| Which of the following was not a significant presence in the Indian Ocean by the mid-eighteenth century? | A)Britain B)France C)the Netherlands D)Portugal E)Russia ** |
| Portuguese admiral who seized in rapid succession hormuz, goa, and malaka | alfonzo d'alboquerque |
| Iberian monarch who sponsored the daring trans Atlantic voyage in 1492 | king fernando of aragon |
| spanish mariner who crossed the pacific ocean and died in the philippeans, but whos ships succeeded in circling the globe | Ferdinand Magellan |
| Iberian monarch who set up navigation schools and hired cartographers to create up to date maps | Prince henry |
| english mariner who explored much of the pacific ocean while seeking a northwest passage across north america | james cook |
| Portuguese mariner who sailed around cape of good hope, sailed up the east coast of Africa, and reached India | vasco de gama |
| portuguese who first rounded the cape of good hope and reached the indian ocean | Bartolomeu Dias |
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