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Ch 10 Islamic World
Islam vocab chapter 10
Question | Answer |
---|---|
arabic word for god | Allah |
founder and prophet of islam | Muhammad |
earliest monotheistic religion that developed in arabia | Islam |
followers of Islam | Muslim |
Muhammads migration from Mecca to Yathrib | Hijrah |
holy book of Islam | Qur'an |
islam house of worship | Mosque |
a pilgrimage to Mecca | Hajj |
An islamic model for living | Sunna |
a body of law governing the lives of muslims | Shari'ah |
a supreme political and religious leader in muslim government | Caliph |
the branch of islam whose members acknowledge Ali as the rightful successor | Shiite |
a muslim who seeks the achieve direct contact with god through mystical means | Sufi |
to pray five times a day | Salat |
muslim holy month of prayer and fasting | Ramadan |
open marketplace in a muslim country | Bazaar |
one who calls muslims to pray | Muezzin |
slender tower attached to the mosque | Minaret |
earliest surviving islamic monument, where Muhammad ascended into heaven | Dome of the Rock |
holiest city of islam | Mecca |
branch of Islam that acknowledges the 1st 4 caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad | Sunni |
a muslims religious duty | Five Pillars |
political leader with absolute power | Sultan |
a religious leader, regarded as sinless, with direct linage to Ali | Imam |
the name of this city means the "city of the prophet" | Medina |
nomadic, desert tribesmen who began settlements in the Arabian desert | Bedouin |
title given to each leader of the Muslim Empire following Muhammad's death- it means "Successor" | Caliph |
nick-name given to the first 4 leaders to rule after Muhammad, elected by the Muslim community | "Rightly Guided" |
these rulers moved the capital from Mecca to Damascus and lived a luxurious lifestyle | Umayyad Caliphs |
group of Muslims living a life of poverty seeking direct contact with Allah | Sufi |
empire established in North Africa, named after Muhammad's daughter | Fatimid Dynasty |
name of the Muslim state formed in southern Spain by the Umayyad Empire | Al-Andalus |
the larger of the two branches of Islam that embraced Muhammad's example (Sunna) as the proper way to live | Sunnis |
the capital of the Abbasid Empire | Baghdad |
capital of the Fatimid Dynasty | Cairo |
social class in which the "protected people" belonged | third class |
name given to the "people of the book," Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians who enjoyed certain priviliges over other non-Muslims | "protected people" |
the important center of learning under the Abbasid rule in Baghdad | House of Wisdom |
an artistic style of handwriting created by Muslims | Calligraphy |
Muslim scholar whose work in mathematics has contributed to modern math (algebra) | Al-Kwarazini |
Muslim scholar whose work in optics helped develop the modern telescopes and microscopes, leading to greater understanding of the universe | Ibn-al-Haytham |
this new method of learning formed the foundation for the scientific method of the Enlightenment in Europe hundreds of years later | observation and experimentation |
these factors helped Islam spread quickly over 3 continents following Muhammad's death | military skills, familiarity with monotheism, tolerance of other religions, and unity of religous and public lives |