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Joint Class

Classification of Joints

QuestionAnswer
Articulation connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones
3 major classifications according to structure & movement characteristics -Synarthrodial-Amphiarthrodial-Diarthrodial
Synarthrodial -immovable joints-Suture such as Skull sutures-Gomphosis such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla
Amphiarthrodial -slightly movable joints-allow a slight amount of motion to occur
How many TYPES of Amphiarthrodial joints are there? 3-Syndesmosis-Synchondrosis-Symphysis
Syndesmosis Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseus membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones
Synchondrosis Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones
Symphysis Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones
Diarthrodial Joints -known as synovial joints-freely movable-composed of sleevelike joint capsule-secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity
Articular or hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface ends of the bones inside the joint cavity -absorbs shock-protect the bone
slowly absorbs synovial fluid during joint unloading or distraction Diarthrodial Joints
Diarthrodial joints have motion possible in one or more planes - The Degrees of Freedom are... -motion in 1 plane = 1 degree of freedom-motion in 2 planes = 2 degrees of freedom-motion in 3 planes = 3 degrees of freedom
How many TYPES of Diarthrodial/Synovial Joints are there? 6-Arthrodial-Ginglymus-Trochoid-Condyloid-Enarthrodial-Sellar
Arthrodial Gliding Joints
Arthrodial (Gliding) joints Motions are... flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, & rotation, (circumduction)
Ginglymus (Hinge) joint -a uniaxial articulation-articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane-Ex.Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle)
Trochoid (Pivot) joint -also uniaxial articulation-Ex. atlantoaxial joint - odontoid which turns in a bony ring, proximal & distal radio-ulnar joints
Condyloid (Knuckle Joint) -biaxial ball & socket joint-one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface
Enarthrodial Multiaxial or triaxial ball & socket joint-Ex. Hip & shoulder joint
Motions of Enarthrodial Motions are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, diagonal abduction & adduction, rotation, and circumduction
Sellar (Saddle) Joint unique triaxial joint
Another name for Ellipsoidal joint Condyloid/Biaxial Joint
Another name for Enarthrodial joint Multiaxial Joint
What joint is the simplest of the diarthrodial/synovial joints? Arthrodial (gliding)
Diarthrodial Joints Move... Freely
Flexion/Extension moves in what plane? Sagital
What 2 planes does Lateral Flexion move through? Lateral or Frontal
Rotation occurs in what plane? Transverse
Abduction/Adduction moves through which plane? Lateral
Opposition/Reposition moves through which plane? Oblique
What is the ONLY cellar/saddle joint in the body? Carpalmetacarpal joint
Examples of Ball-and-Socket/Multiaxial joints hip, shoulder
Examples of Hinge/Ginglymus Joints Elbow, knee, ankle, interphalangeal, joint between occipital bone and the atlas of the vertebra.
Examples of a Trochoid Joint Pivot joints include the joint btween the first and second vertebra - the atlas and the axis, and the rotation of the head of radius over the shaft of the ulna proximally.
Examples of Ellipsoidal or Condyloid joints Articulation between the distal end of radius with the carpal bones, phalanges with the metacarpal bones, and phalanges with the metatarsal bones.
Examples of a Saddle joint. biaxial. articulation between the carpal bone and metacarpal bone of the thumb.
Examples of a planar joint aka gliding joint. The ends of clavicle, between carpal bones, between tarsal bones, and between the articulating facets of spinal vertebrae.
Created by: BAC
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