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Mass272 Ch 11 Part 3
Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of Muscles 11-3
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sternocleidomastiod | Sternum and Clavicle | Mastoid Process | Acting together (bilaterally), flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flex head, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation; acting singly (unilaterally), lateraly extend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle. | Accessory (XI) 11 |
| Semispinalis Capitus | Transverse process of first 6 or 7 thoracic vertebrae and 7th cervical vertibra, and articular processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae. | Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines. | Acting together, extend head; acting singly, rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle. | Cervical spinal nerves |
| Splenius Capitus | Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of 7th cervical vertebra and first 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae. | Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone. | Acting together, extend head; acting singly, laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle. | Cervical spinal nerves |
| Longissimus Capitus | Transverse processes of upper four thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of last four cervical vertebrae. | Mastoid process of temporal bone. | Acting together, extend head; acting singly, laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle. | Cervical spinal nerves |
| Rectus Abdominis | Pubic crest and pubic symphysis. | Cartilage of 5th to 7th ribs and xiphoid process. | Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, forces exhalation, and childbirth. | Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 |
| External Oblique | Inferior eight ribs. | Iliac crest and linea alba. | Acting together, compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column. | Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 and the iliohypogastric nerve. |
| Internal Oblique | Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia. | Cartilage of last three or four ribs and linea alba. | Acting together, compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column. | Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve. |
| Transverse Abdominis | Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar facia, and cartilages of inferior six ribs. | Xiphoid process, linea alba and pubis. | Compresses abdomen. | Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12, iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve. |
| Quadratus Lumborum | Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament. | Inferior border of 12th rib and first four lumbar vertebrae. | Acting together, pull 12th ribs inferiorly during forced exhalation, fix 12th ribs toprevent their elevation during deep inhalation, and help extend lumbar portion of vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, esp lumbar portion. | Thoracic spinal nerve T12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3 or L4. |
| Diaphragm | Xiphoid process of the sternum, costal cartilages and adjacent portions of the inferior six ribs, lumbar vertebrae and their intervertebral discs, and the 12th rib. | Central tendon. | Contraction causes it to flatten and increase the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decreases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation. | Phrenic nerve which contain axons form cervical spinal nerves C3-C5. |
| External Intercostals | Inferior border of rib above. | Superior border of rib below. | Contraction elevates the ribs and increases the aneroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses the ribs and decreases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thorax, results in exhalation. | Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12. |
| Internal Intercostals | Superior border of rib below. | Inferior border of rib below. | Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity during forced exhalation. | Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12 |
| Subclavius | 1st rib. | Clavical. | Depresses and moves clavical anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle. | Subclavian nerve. |
| Pectoralis Minor | 2nd - 5th, 3rd - 5th, or 2nd - 4th ribs. | Coracoid process of scapula. | Abducts scapula and rotates it downward; elevates 3rd through 5th ribs during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed. | Medial pectoral nerve. |
| Serratus Anterior | Superior eight or nine ribs. | Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula. | Abducts scapula and rotates it upward; elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized; known as "Boxer's muscle" because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing. | Long thoracic nerve. |
| Trapezius | Superior muchal line of occiptal bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae. | Clavical and acromion and spine of scapula. | Superior fibers elevate scapula and help extend head; middle fibers adduct scapula; inferior fibers depress scapula; superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula forward; stabilizes scapula. | Accessory (XI) 11 nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5. |
| Levator Scapulae | Superior four or five cervical vertebrae. | Superior vertebral border of scapula. | Elevates scapula and rotates it downward. | Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3-C5. |
| Rhomboid Major | Spines of the 2nd - 5th thoracic vertebrae. | Vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine. | Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula. | Dorsal scapular nerve. |
| Rhomboid Minor | Spines of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic. | Vertebral border of scapula superior to spine. | Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula. | Dorsal scapular nerve. |
| Pectoralis Major | Clavicle (clavicular head), sternum, and costal cartilage of 2nd - 6th ribs and sometimes 1st - 7th ribs (sternocostal head) | Greater tubercle and lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus. | Adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; clavicular head flexes arm, and sternocostal head extends the flexed arm to side of trunk. | Medial and lateral pectoral nerves. |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Spines of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium, inferior four ribs. | Intertubercular sulcus of humerus. | Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly. | Thoracodorsal nerve |
| Deltoid | Acromial extremity of clavicle (anterior fibers), acromion of scapula (lateral fibers), and spine of scapula (posterior fibers). | Deltoid tuberostiy of humerus. | Lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint. | Axillary nerve |
| Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of scapula. | Lesser tubercle of humerus. | Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint. | Upper and lower subscapular nerve. |
| Supraspinatus | Supraspinous fossa of scapula. | Greater tubercle of humerus. | Assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint. | Subscapular nerve |
| Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa. | Greater tubercle of humerus. | Laterally rotates and adducts arm at shoulder joint. | Subscapular nerve |
| Teres Major | Inferior angle of scapula. | Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. | Extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint. | Lower subscapular nerve |
| Teres Minor | Inferior lateral border of scapula. | Greater tubercle of humerus. | Laterally rotates, extends, and adducts arm at shoulder joint. | Axillary nerve |
| Coracobrachialis | Coracoid process of scapula. | Middle of medial surface of shaft of humerus. | Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint. | Musculocutaneous nerve |
| Biceps Brachii | Long head originates from tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula (supraglenoid tubercle); short head originates form coracoid process of scapula. | Radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis. | Flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and flexes arm at shoulder joint. | Musculocutaneous nerve. |
| Brachialis | Distal, anterior surface of humerus. | Ulnar tuberostiy and coronoid process of ulna. | Flexes forearm at elbow joint. | Musculocutaneous and radial nerves. |
| Brachioradialis | Lateral border of distal end of humerus. | SUperior to styloid process of radius. | Flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates and pronates forearm at radioulnar joints to neutral position. | Radial nerve. |
| Triceps Brachii | Long head: infraglenoid tubercle, inferior to glenoid cavity of scapula; Lateral head: lateral and posterior surface of humerus; Medial head: entire posterior durface of humerus inferior to a groove for the radial nerve. | Olecranon of ulna. | Extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint. | Radial nerve. |
| Anconeus | Lateral epicondyle of humerus | Olecranon and superior portion of shaft of ulna. | Extends forearm at elbow joint. | Radial nerve. |
| Pronator Teres | Medial epicondle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna. | Midlateral surface of radius. | Pronates forearm at radioulnar forearm at elbow. | Median nerve. |
| Pronator Quadratus | Distal protion of shaft of ulna. | Distal portion of shaft of radius. | Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints. | Median nerve. |
| Supinator | Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna (supinator crest). | Lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius. | Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints. | Deep radial nerve. |
Created by:
jujuskyyflower
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