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Mittak Microbiology
Slides to review for the lab final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endoparasite | internal INFECTION- parasite lives in the tissue of the host |
| Ectoparasite | external INFESTATION- parasite lives on skin or hair of host |
| Obligate parasite | MUST live in a host |
| Facultative parasite | can TEMPORARILY live on their own |
| Which kingdom do protozoa belong to? | Kingdom Protista |
| Vegetative from of a protozoa? | Trophozoite |
| How are Protozoa classified? | method of LOCOMOTION |
| Method of locomotion of Class Sarcodina | Pseudopods |
| Example of Class Sarcodina | Entamoeba Histolytica |
| What does Entamoeba Histolytica cause in humans? | Amoebic dysentery AKA Traveler's Trots, new Delhi Belly, Montezuma's Revenge |
| How is Entamoeba Histolytica spread? | Fecal contamination of water |
| Which Form of Entamoeba Histolytica causes disease? | Active vegetative form, AKA Trophozoite |
| Symptoms of Entamoeba Histolytica Infection | watery, bloody diarrhea with chills, cramps and bloating |
| Which drug is most commonly used to treat infections that cause diarrhea? | Flagyl |
| Method of Locomotion for Class Ciliophora | cilia |
| Example of Class Ciliophora | Balantidium Coli |
| this is the largest protozoa to affect humans | Balantidium Coli |
| causal agent of Balantidiasis | fecal contamination of water |
| How is Balantidium coli transmitted? | As a cyst |
| Pig Farmers are at a higher risk of contracting what? | Balantidium Coli |
| Method of Locomotion of Class Mastigophora | Flagella |
| Examples of Class Mastigophora | Giardia Lamblia, Trypanosoma spp, Tirchomonas Vaginalis, Leishmania |
| More what infect humans than any other class of protozoans? | Flagellates |
| Causal Agent of Beaver Fever | Giardia Lamblia |
| symptoms of Giardia Lamblia | Long-lasting (6+ months) diarrhea that is mucoid, foul-smelling, and greasy accompanied by severe cramping and flatulence with weight loss |
| Common in NYS waters in it's cyst stage | Giardia Lamblia |
| Which stage of Giardia Lamblia causes symptoms? | Trophozoite |
| Tx of Giardia Lamblia? | Flagyl |
| This species exists only in the trophozoite stage | Trypanosoma Species |
| How are the Trypanosoma Spp spread? | Arthropods |
| infects the blood, CSF, and brain | Trypanosoma spp |
| Known as South American Sleeping Sickness | Trypanosoma Cruzi |
| What is the causal agent of Chagas Disease? | Trypanosoma Cruzi |
| Transmitted by feces of the triatomid bug | Trypanosoma Cruzi |
| This disease causes oral lesions and is the lease harmful of its species | Trypanosomoa Cruzi |
| Causes chronic African sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma Gambiense |
| Symptoms are fatigue and anemia with bouts of narcolepsy | Trypanosoma Gambiense |
| causes acute African sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma Rhodiense |
| causes encephalitis where the infected rarely survive more than 4 months | Trypanosoma Rhodiense |
| Zebras and Antelopes are reservoirs for the disease, which is spread by the tsetse fly | Trypanosoma Rhodiense |
| This disease exists only as a trophozoite | Trichomonas Vaginalis |
| A sexually transmitted disease where the males show no symptoms and females exhibit profuse, creamy yellow-green discharge that is frothy and foul-smelling | Trichomonas Vaginalis |
| Causes kala Azar | Leishmania |
| Another name for Leishmaniasis is what? | Kala Azar |
| Spread by the bite of Phlebotomus | Leishmania |
| A tissue disease that causes disfigurement | Leishmaniasis |
| Primarily found in tropical, third world countries but is seen more in soldiers returning from overseas | Leishmaniasis |
| Method of Locomotion for Class Sporoza | None |
| Examples of Class Sporoza | toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium spp, cryptosporodium spp |
| This class only exists as obligate parasites | Class Sporoza |
| causes toxoplasmosis | Toxoplasma gondii |
| In the US, it is transmitted via cat feces of cats allowed outside | Toxoplasma Gondii |
| can cause abortions in pregnant women and dementia in AIDS patients | Toxoplasma Gondii |
| Causes Malaria | Plasmodium Spp |
| Transmitted by Anopheles Mosquito | Plasmodium Spp |
| Infect the liver then move to erythrocytes | Plasmodium Spp |
| Symptoms of chills and fever due to lysing of erythrocytes | Plasmodium Spp |
| Causes severe diarrheal disease within Class Sporoza | Cryptosporidium Spp |
| Caused the largest outbreak of waterborne disease in the US in Milwaukee | Cryptosporidium Spp |
| Treatment for Cryptosporidium infection | rehydration and rest |
| What are the two phylum for Kingdom Animalia? | Nemahelminthes (roundworms), platyhelminthes (flatworms) |
| Examples are Ascaris, Dracunculus, Enterobius, Loa, Necator, Trichinella, Trichuris, Wucheria | Phylum Nemahelminthes |
| Examples are Tapeworms and Flukes | Phylum Platyhelminthes |
| What type of reproduction do nemahelminthes exhibit? | Sexual Reproduction, many organisms are involved in infection |
| What type of reproduction do platyhelminthes exhibit? | Asexual Reproduction via hermaphrodism and sex, infections can involve one to many organisms |
| Common name and transmission of Ascaris Lumbricoides | Roundworm, fecal-oral route |
| Most common human worm worldwide. in the US it's commonly found in rural areas of the SE | Ascaris Lumbricoides |
| Signs and Symptoms of Ascaris Lumbricoides | Most ppl have no symptoms that are noticeable but infection may cause slower growth and slower weight gain. If heavily infected, abdominal pain may present and GI tract may become blocked. |
| common name and transmission of Dracunculus Medinensis | Guinea worm, waterborne larvae that are released from ulcerated sores on host |
| Length of 35-60 inches. Migrate to subcutaneous tissue of legs where the worm dissolves the tissue and protrudes its oviduct to release its eggs into water | Dracunculus Medinensis |
| Removal involved tying the protruding part to a stick and slowly turning the stick daily until the entire worm is removed | Dracunculus Medinensis |
| common name and transmission of Enterobius Vermicularis | Pinworm, While a person sleeps, the female pinworm leave the intestines through the anus and deposit eggs on the surrounding skin. |
| Most common worm infection in the US- in some groups, nearly 50% of children are affected | Enterobius Vermicularis |
| Symptoms include itching around anus, disturbed sleep, irritability, loss of appetite, though many people have no symptoms | Enterobius Vermicularis |
| Test for Enterobius Vermicularis | Scotch Tape test |
| Treatment for Enterobius vermicularis | Stay at a better quality hotel for 10 nights |
| common name and transmission for Loa Loa | Eye worm, Deer or horse flies |
| Causes Conjunctivitis, life span can be 15+ years | Loa Loa |
| common name and transmission for Necator Americanus | Hookworm, walking barefoot in infested areas (wet grass) |
| Larvae invade the skin, are transported to the lungs, coughed up and then swallowed. They mature in the small intestine and cause their damage by blood ingestion. Induces Chronic Anemia | Necator Americanus |
| common name and transmission for Trichinella Spiralis | Pork worm, eating raw or undercooked pork from pigs that have been fed infected meat. |
| Causes disease trichinosis | Trichinella Spiralis |
| In the muscles the larvae cause a severe host reaction that results in soreness and tenderness of the muscles. rarely fatal | Trichinella Spiralis |
| common name and transmission of trichuris trichura | whipworm, fecal-oral route |
| heavy infections may result in bloody diarrhea, iron-deficiency anemia or rectal prolapse | Trichuris Trichura |
| common name and transmission of wucheria bancrofti | Elephantiasis or filariasis, transmission via mosquitos |
| Lymphatic dysfunction may lead to lymphedema of the leg, scrotum, penis, arm or breast | Wucheria Bancrofti |
| First part of a Tapeworm | Scolex- used for attachment |
| Second part of a Tapeworm | Immature proglottids or neck |
| Third part of a Tapeworm | Mature proglottids |
| Fourth part of a tapeworm | Gravid Proglottid |
| Common name and transmission of Diphyllobothrium Latum | Fish tapeworm, eating raw infected fish (sushi) |
| Largest of the tapeworms, can grow in excess of 25 ft and may cause anemia | Diphyllobothrium Latum |
| Common name and transmission of Hymenolepsis Nana | Dwarf tapeworm, person to person transmission |
| Human tapeworm, immediately infective, smallest of the tapeworms so require many organisms to constitute an infection | Hymenolepsis nana |
| Common name and transmission of Clonorchis Sinensis | Chinese Liver Fluke, eating raw infected fish |
| takes up residence in the liver and gallbladder, infects 30 million ppl in the far east, lives 10-20 years | Clonorchis Sinensis |
| common name and transmission of Fasciolopsis Buski | Giant intestinal fluke, eating raw water plants |
| largest of the flukes, causes intestinal blockage | Fasciolopsis Buski |
| Common name and transmission of Paragonimus Westermani | Lung Fluke, eating undercooked or raw crab |
| Causes hemoptysis, often found in ectopic locations such as the brain, heart, or spinal cord- infections can be fatal | Paragonimus Westermani |
| Common name and transmission of Schistosoma Spp | Blood fluke, water transmission |
| In temperate regions causes swimmer's itch, in tropical regions causes blood infection. Reproduce sexually, adult worms can live 20-30 years | Schistosoma Spp |
| Schistosomiasis | Blood infection |
| What is the phylum for Ectoparasitology | Anthropoda |
| diseases caused by Ticks | Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, rocky mountain spotted fever |
| Causal agent for Lyme Disease | Spirochete Borrelia |
| 3 Large classes of Lice | Head, body, pubic |
| These lice belong to the genus Pediculus | Head and body lice |
| These lice belong to the genus phthirus | Pubic lice |
| Pediculus Capitus | Head lice |
| The common name for eggs of lice | Nits |
| Pediculus Corpora | Body Lice |
| Serve as vectors of human pathogens such as epidemics of typhus, relapsing fever and trench fever | Pediculus Corpora- Body Lice |
| commonly found on homeless people | Pediculus corpora- body lice |
| Phthirus Pubis | Pubic Lice |
| Crab Louse | Sexually transmitted disease |
| Vector for bubonic plague, endemic typhus, tularemia | Fleas |
| these organisms are host SPECIFIC- they need the blood protein of their specific host in order to reproduce | Fleas |
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kissukels587
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