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Physiology chapter 8
The Central Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During embryonic development, what forms from a groove in the ectoderm by the 20th day and becomes the CNS? | Neural tube |
| During embryonic development what cells develop where the tube fuses and become ganglia of the PNS? | Neural crest |
| During the 4th week of embryonic development, what are the names of the 3 swellings form on the neural tube? | Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain |
| During the 5th week of embryonic development, what are the 2 areas that the forebrain (prosencephalon) is divided into? | Telenchphalon and diencephalon |
| During the 5th week of embryonic development, what 2 areas are the hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) divided into? | Metenchephalon and myelencephalon |
| During embryonic development, what part of the brain grows disproportionately forming the hemispheres of the cerebrum? | Telencephalon |
| The ________and the _________ __________ are remnants of a hollow part of the neural tube that contains the CSF. | Ventricles/Central Canal |
| What are the 3 primary vesicles in the embryonic development of the CNS? | Prosencephalon,Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon |
| What part of the cerebral cortex contains the auditory centers; receives sensory info from the cochlea and also links and processes auditory and visual info? | Temperal lobe |
| What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements? | Occipital |
| What part of the cerbral cortex plays a role in memory encoding, integrates sensory info with visceral responses, and assesses bodily states that accompany emotions? | Insula |
| What term describes speech and language disorders due to brain damage? | Aphasias |
| What part of the brain is responsible for speech? | Broca's area |
| What part of the brain is involved in language comprehension? | Wernicke's area |
| What 2 areas of the brain in crucial for emotions including aggrssion, fear, feeding, sex and goal-directed behaviors? | Hypothalamus and limbic system |
| What type of long-term memory includes memories of simple skills and conditioning? | Non-declarative (explicit) |
| What type of long-term memory includes verbal memories? | Declarative (implicit) |
| What is the term that describes people who have impaired declarative memory? | Amnesiacs |
| What part of the brain is critical for acquiring new memories and consolidating short into long term memories? | Hippocampus |
| What part of the brain is crucial for fear memories? | Amygdala |
| Higher order processing and planning occur in what part of the cortex? | Prefrontal |
| The storage of memory is found in what area of the brain? | Cerebral hemispheres |
| What type of information comes from the body and travels to the brain in ascending spinal tracts? | Sensory |
| What activity from the brain travels to the body in descending spinal tracts? | Motor |
| Descending spinal tracts are divided into what 2 major groups? | Pyramidial (corticospinal) tracts and Extrapyramidal (reticulospinal) tracts |
| Where does the pyramidal tracts originate? | Motor cortex |
| What do the pyramidal tracts control? | Fine movements |
| What tracts descend from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord without synapsing? | Pyramidal tracts |
| What are the descending tracts that have many synapses and influence movement indirectly? | Extrapyramidal tracts |
| What tracts cross so that brain hemispheres receive info from opposite sides of the body? | Ascending sensory tracts |
| What nervous system consists of nerves that exit from the CNS and spinal cord, and their ganglia? | PNS |
| The dorsal root of the spinal nerves are composed of what kind of fibers? | Sensory |
| The ventral root of the spinal nerves are composed of what kind of fibers? | Motor |
| Most spinal nerves are _______ nerves that separate next to the spinal cord into dorsal and ventral roots. | Mixed |
| What 2 things can impede learning and cause the hippocampus to shrink? | Stress or depression |
| What is the adult derivative of the Telencephalon? | Cerebral Hemisphere |
| What is the adult derivative of the Diencephalon? | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| What is the adult derivative of the Metenchephalon? | Pons and Cerebellum |
| What is the adult derivative of the Myelencephalon? | Medulla Oblongata |
Created by:
seshelby62
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