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barbis-Absolutism 1

Barbis-Absolutism Unit 1 (Nole)

QuestionAnswer
absolute monarchy ruler with complete authority over government and citizens
"Divine Right" belief that God gave ruler power to be king or queen
Palace of Versailles elaborate, fancy palace built by King Louis XIV
English Bill of Rights this limited the king's power;Parliament gained superiority; king could not jail citizens unfairly
Glorious Revolution bloodless overthrow of England's King James II'; was replaced by William and Mary
constitiutional monarchy a system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law
enlightened despot a monarch that believe in Enlightenment ideals, rule fairly (ex. Catherine the Great)
despot another name for a monarch
Westernization of Russia forced western ideas, education and clothing styles on citizens of Russia
St. Petersburg city built by Peter the Great to make trade and travel with the West easier
Enlightenment European movement where thinkers applied principles of reason and scientific method to society
natural rights rights that belong to all people
purpose of government to protect natural rights of people according to John Locke
separation of powers each branch of government keeps the others from becoming too powerful (Montesquieu)
1st Estate 5% of population = Catholic clergy that owned 10% of land
2nd Estate 1.5% of population = Rich nobles that owned 20% of land
3rd Estate 98% of population = French citizens who owned 70% of land
Estates General assembly of representatives from all 3 estates or social classes in France
National Assembly established by representatives of 3rd estate to enact laws & reforms for French people
March of Versailles King and Queen were escorted by women back to Paris; accused Marie Antoinettte of being immoral
storming of Bastille more than 800 Parisians stormed this after hearing foreign troops were coming to massacre French citizens
Jacobians radical political organization involved in governmental changes in France
bougeoisie middle class of 3rd estate (bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals)
San-Culottes radical group of Parisian working-class & small shopkeepers; wanted more voice in government, lower prices & end food shortages
Reign of Terror mass executions of 40,000 people order by Robespierre
Committee on Public Safety lead by Robespierre to protect Revolution from it's "enemies"; used unfair trials & executions
The Directory Five-man council that took over after Reign of Terror ended; Napoleon ran them off
Napoleonic Code Napoleon's code of laws changing property ownership, education, etc.
Napoleon's invasion of Russia his army starved and froze to death trying to attack Russia
Congress of Vienna series of meetings where European leaders sought long lasting peace & security after defeating Napoleon
legitimacy hereditary right of monarch to rule
balance of power distribution of power that prevented any one nation from dominating Europe
Concert of Europe ensured nations would help each other if revolution broke out (Metternich)
laissez-faire policy where businesses are allowed to operate without governmental interference
Edict of Nantes proclamation granting religious tolerance to Huguenots
Huguenots Protestant citizens of France
Napoleon great millitary leader who brought many reforms to France
Robespierre a Jacobian leader who gained power & set out to build a "republic of virtue" by wiping out France's past; Enacted Reign of Terror
Peter the Great worked to modernize and westernize Russia
Louis XIV "Sun King"; an absolute monarch who believe in divine right
Thomas Hobbes believed people are greedy & selfish; powerful government can create peaceful, orderly society
John Locke believed people have natural rights; it is job of government to protect these rights or people should overthrow government
Baron de Montesquieu believed powers of government should be separated into 3 branches to keep one from becoming too powerful
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed in perfect society; people make & obey laws; what is good for everyone more imporant than for individual
Created by: vbarbis2
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