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APUSH Per 5
APUSH Per 5 1844-1877
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Manifest Destiny | The notion that Americans have a God-given right to have a nation that extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. |
| How did Manifest Destiny come about? | In July of 1845, a newspaper editor by the name of John O'Sullivan gave the American impulsion of moving westward a name; Manifest destiny. |
| What did John O'Sullivan say about Manifest Destiny? | He said "and that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to posses the whole of the continent which Providence has given us the development of the Great experiment of Liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us. |
| What is Manifest Destiny? (in O'Sullivan terms) | To possess the whole continent from sea to shining sea |
| Who gave them that destiny? (O'Sullivan terms) | God |
| What were the more practical reasons why Americans needed more access to western land? | More access to mineral and natural resources; discovery in California which created the occasion for what became known as the Californian Rush.Westward expansion |
| Californian Rush | Gold was discovered in Cali. People from the east rushed to Cali to stake their claim and strike it rich. Discoveries of Gold in Colorado, the Dakotas, and Nevada induced even more migration west. |
| What were the more practical reasons why Americans needed more access to western land? pt 2 | Westward expansion also made sense to people looking for economic and homesteading opportunities. |
| Preemption Acts | passed during the 1830s and 1840s, made various tracts of land available for cheap to anyone who wanted to buy it, set up a homestead and get to farming it. |
| Who were the majority of people that moved west? | The migration was largely made by the middle class and not the poor because the movement west required money. |
| What were the more practical reasons why Americans needed more access to western land? pt 3 | Was for the purpose of religious refuge. Mormons who fled the Midwest states because of persecution, largely due to their practice of polygamy and settled in the Utah territory. |
| Manifest destiny made it way into... | the political aspect. The election of James K. Polk in 1844. |
| James K. Polk | was a big believer in Manifest Destiny and he wanted to add Texas and Oregon into the union. |
| Texas | Americans had been settling here since 1820s but at that time Texas still belong to Mexico. By 1830s, there were three times as many Americans than Mexicans living in Texas. |
| Texas pt 2 | Those Americans were, in general, Southern, Protestants, and slave owning, or at least sympathetic to the cause of slavery. In 1829, the Mexican government made two requirements of the immigrants living between their borders. |
| The two requirements by the Mexican government for immigrants in their borders | 1. Must convert to roman catholicism 2. they outlawed slavery |
| How did Americans in Texas react? | The two requirements were Intolerable to the Americans and so ignored the new laws and kept being Protestants and bringing enslaved people in the territory. |
| What did Mexico do in response to the Americans ignorance? | Mexico went ahead and shut the border down to any further immigration |
| How did America react to Mexico shutting the Mexican border? | They just kept going to Texas |
| How did the government in Mexico change in 1834? | The new dictator sought to clamp down on those annoying Texan immigrants and enforce the laws on the book. |
| How did Texan immigrants react to the change of government in Mexico? | They revolted against Mexican authority under the leadership of Sam Houston and declared Texas to be an independent republic in 1836. |
| How did Mexico react to Sam Houston? | They sent forces North to put down this rebellion. Mexico stunningly won at the Alamo and ended up killing every American who defended it. |
| Battle of San Jacinto | Houston and his army engaged the Mexicans in the Battle of San Jacinto and ended up capturing the Mexican general. They forced the general to sign a treaty granting Texas independence. |
| Was Texas independent? | Kind of generals cant sign treaties. Texas claimed its independence but Mexico didn't recognize that independence. So when Texas applied to the U.s for statehood , that complicated things. |
| Was Texas independent? pt 2 | The first two presidents who could have don't it, Jackson and Van Buren, both said n to annexation because of the very possibility of causing a war with Mexico. John Tyler worked to admit Texas but ultimately annexation was denied by the Senate. |
| Oregon territory | Both the British and the Americans laid competing claims to this territory. |
| British Oregon claim | British claimed it was there because they had a established a profitable fur trade there and has settled for much longer than the Americans. |
| American Oregon claim | Claimed that it was there's because they wanted it. American missionaries and farmers had been moving into the territory and settling there in far greater numbers than the British. |
| How was the conflict resolved? | Polk's predecessor, John Tyler pushed through the annexation of Texas & Polk's people went ahead and made an agreement with the British concerning Oregon. The Senate had ratified the Treaty, the Oregon territory was divided at the 49th parallel. |
| Mexican-American War | One of the causes of this war were the continued claims to Texas from both the United States and Mexican governments |
| What caused the Mexican-American War? | Tensions between Texans and the Mexicans cooled down a little, It didn't seem like anything would happen as long as Texas remained independent. |
| What caused the Mexican-American War? pt2 | Texas didn't want to remain independent, they wanted to be annexed by the US. and that to the Mexican government was a reason to get into a fight. That's why Jackson, van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler all decided against annexation. |
| What caused the Mexican-American War? pt 3 | James K. Polk and John Tyler strongly beloved in the annexation of Texas and participated in the war |
| John Slidell and his tasks | A diplomat that Polk sent to Mexico City with a couple tasks. Aid-all asked the Mexican G to sell even more land to the US, namely the New Mexico and California territories. Mexicans said no |
| John Slidell and his tasks pt 2 | Second task was to settle the location of the southern border of Mexico. The Mexican g said that the border ran a long the Nueces River. The American G said the border ran a long the Rio Grande.. the Mexicans were unwilling to negotiate with Sidell. |
| What did Polk do on the Rio Grande border? | He sent General Zachary Taylor with American troops. Mexican troops meet them at the Rio Grande and at the end of the conflict 11 Americans were dead. |
| How did Polk react to the conflict on the Rio Grande border? | He was enraged and wanted war with Mexico. On May 13th, 1846 Congress granted him a war. |
| What is needed to be known of the Mexican American war? | That relatively small American armies gained enough ground in order to claim the Californian and New Mexico Territories. |
| What happened under the leadership of general Winfield Scott? | The American troops conquered and occupied Mexico City, a victory which forced the Mexican government to the negotiation table. |
| Effect 1 of the Mexican-American War? | Butt loads of land for the US and that came in the rising of the Treaty |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | This Treaty made the following provisions, it established the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas. It outlined the deal for what's called the Mexican cession, |
| Mexican cession | Which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the Us for fifteen million dollars. Mexico lost almost half of his territory to the US. |
| David Wilmot and the Wilmot proviso | Added a little amendment to an appropriations bill; The Wilmot Proviso proposed that any lands gained from victory in the Mexican American war be off limits to the expansion of slavery. |
| Did the Wilmot Proviso pass? | No, was voted down |
| Why is the Wilmot Proviso important? | Because it highlights the growing tension over the slavery question. the politicians who voted it down weren't necessarily abolitionist, they believed in the ideal of free soil. |
| Free Soil | Which is to say politicians wanted to acquire additional land for homesteaders to settle on without competition from the system of slavery. It was more an economic thing for them rather than a moral thing. |
| Why is the Wilmot Proviso important? pt2 | The proposal of the Wilmot Proviso was exceedingly contentious. Some historians point to this amendment as the first round in the fight that ultimately led the US to civil war. |
| Effect2 of the Mexican-American War? | Many people in the territory stayed put while the change of hands from Mexico to America happened; most of them were Mexican and Indians. However Mexicans in Texas were granted citizenships by the Treaty of Guadalupe and Indians weren't. |
| What were the major positions held by those ein powers in respect of the expansion of territory? | Southern position and Free soil Movement |
| Southern Position | Argued that slavery was a constitutional right and argued that thee question of where slavery could and could not exist has already been decided in the Missouri compromise |
| Why was the Missouri comprise important to Southern? | It was guarantee that slavery, not to mention their economy and way of life, would continue to exist unharassed below this line. For them any attempt to banish slavery was move toward its entire destruction |
| Free Soil Movement | Composed of Democrats and Whigs; wanted any new territories acquired to be the land of free laborers, not enslaved ones.Within in the FS Movement there was conflicting views. |
| What were the conflicting views in the FS Movement? | Democrats and Whigs nated slavery banned in the New territories but ti wasn't necessarily because they thought slavery was a moral evil. They didn't even want black people in enslaved or free to be granted access to settle in the New territories. |
| Abolitionists | Wanted to ban slavery everywhere. |
| Free Soil Party | new political party made by abolitionists |
| Popular sovereignty | Argued that the people living in each state should decide the slavery question for themselves. |
| Did Popular sovereignty help? | No, it only increased tension |
| What happened after the Mexican American war was over regarding land? | California and New Mexico entered the union as free states which caused southerners to rise up and threaten secession from the Union. |
| Why was the Southern mad (political reason)? | The new states unbalanced the perfect balance between free and slave states in the Senate It tipped the balance in the Senate towards the free states |
| Why was the South mad? | So now no matter what those who held the Southern position did, they could not get laws passed that favored them which could mean the end of slavery all together |
| What had to be done to nullify the Southern states? | Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 |
| The Compromise of 1850 | The Compromise said that the Mexican cession would be further divided into Utah and NM territories and would practice Popular sovereignty. Cali would be admitted as a free state and slave trade banned in Washington DC. a stricter fugitive slave law |
| What did the compromise do? | Calmed the tensions down a little, however the fugitive slave law any clam that this compromise accomplished. |
| What else was America fighting over at this time? | Immigration |
| What immigrant was prominent before the civil war? | Irish and German |
| Culture enclaves | German and Irish immigrant lived together rin ethnic communities where they kept alive their Cultural customs, languages, an religion. |
| Where did the Irish immigrants settle? | In New York City; lived in slums |
| where did the German immigrants settle? | In urban locations on the coast' greater population of them moved west in search of land to farm |
| Nativist movement | against immigrants; nativism is a policy of protecting the interests of native-born people against the interests of immigrants. |
| Why did the Nativist movement not like the Irish? | Irish immigrants were Catholic Christians and not protestants |
| Know-Nothing Party | Political party made by the Nativist movement; apparently if you asked them what they believed they responded with, "we know nothing" |
| What was the Nativism movement concerned with? | Concerned with milting immigrants cultural and political influence. |
| Difference between north and south regarding labor system (slavery) | North-economy simulated by free wage laborers working manufacturing jobs in factories. population growing rapidly South-Economy fueled by enslaved labor working on agricultural plantations |
| Northerns in regards of slavery beliefs | for them if a new territory enter the union as slave state then that would make it near impossible for free wage laborers to compete for jobs and that conviction gave rise to the free soil Movement |
| Abolitionist in the North | Lacked in numbers and were minority in the North but they made up for in volume. They ended up being a highly influential group because of the effectiveness of their strategies and tactics to make their message heard |
| Written Words in the Abolitionist movement | Liberator" by William Lloyd Garrison and Harriet Beechers Stowe's publication, "Uncle Tom's cabin" |
| Uncle Toms cabin by Stowe | Depicted the dehumanization and brutality of slavery in graphic detail; book sold like crazy |
| How did Northerners react to these books? | Northern reader saw clearly the evil and wickedness that lave holders had on there slaves |
| How did Southern react to these books? | Southerns were outrages and attempted to ban it wherever they could. |
| Spoken Words in the Abolitionist movement | Frederick Douglass and Underground Railroad |
| Frederick Douglass | very famous and important Abolitionist speakers |
| Underground Railroads | was of trails and safe houses by which people enslaved the South could find safe passage to the North. tens of thousands used this passage for freedom |
| John Brown | was a prominent leader in the American abolitionist movement in the decades preceding the Civil War |
| John Brown beliefs | Believed that the only way for America to be freed of the scrounge of slavery was by means of a slave uprising against the slaveholding South. |
| John Brown Beliefs | He devised a plan to raid the federal arsenal the Harpers Ferry in order to steal weapons, distribute them to enslaved folks, and ignite an armed rebellion. They were able to capture weapons but were driven away by a rival battalion led by Robert E. Lee |
| Raid at Harpers Ferry | led by John Brown; took his men to steal weapons from the ferry; |
| What happened to John Browns plan? | feel to pieces and was unsuccessful; he was hanged for his crime |
| What did the Southerns see the Harpers Ferry raid as? | Saw the raid as evidence of what the abolitionist were really all about.To the South it made all the sense in the world that the northern plot against them was not merely to abolish slavery and thus destroy their way life and economy |
| What did the Southerns see the Harpers Ferry raid as? | What the abolitionist really wanted was incite a race war in which the white sin the south would surely suffer terribly |
| Every attempt at compromise.... | failed |
| What were the attempts of political compromise? | Missouri compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty |
| Kansas Nebraska Act backstory | Steph Douglas proposed that this territory {Louisiana territory} be divided into two parts: the Kansas territory and the Nebraska territory; also said that these territories should decide by popularity sovereignty whether to allot slavery or not |
| What happened with this passing this law? | By passing this law Congress effectively overturned the Missouri compromise which the Southerns held onto dearly. |
| Major fall of the K N Act? | The popular sovereignty decisions ignited violence in kansas between proslavery and anti slavery folks. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Violence between pro-slavery groups vs anti-slavery groups |
| What happened between the election of whether Kansas was going to be a free state or a slave state? | 1500 men were eligible to vote in Kansa, however 6000 votes were in. Missouri, next door state, was slave state and when the news broke out that there was going to be a new territory legislature was being elected, |
| What happened between the election of whether Kansas was going to be a free state or a slave state? pt 2 | thousands of pro-slavery Missourians flooded Kansas and cats illegal votes for a pro-slavery territory. |
| What was the solution for Kansas? | Two rival state legislatures were established in Kansas. The pro slavery folks wrote up a constitution and established their legislature in Compton |
| What was the solution for Kansas? | while the anti-slavery refused to recognize the authority of a fraudulent constitution and wrote their own governing document and set up a rival legislature in Topeka |
| What did the president, Franklin Pierce do to Kansas? | Recognized the pro slavery government as legitimate and the anti slavery government as fraudulent |
| Dred Scottt Decision | In this ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts. |
| Dred Scott backstory | was an enslaved man who lived in Illinois and wisconsin, where slavery was illegal. Dred Scott sued his master for his freedom arguing that be citrue of living in free territory for two years , he was indeed free. |
| Roger Taney (Dred Scott backstory) | was a Southern Democrat handed down a decision align with the majority of the Court against Scott's argument. |
| The reasons behind the Courts appeal to Scott's argument.. | 1.Dred Scott was a slave and not a citizen there fore had no right to sue in federal court 2.the constitution clearly states that Congress cannot deprive any citizen of property (slaves) |
| The reasons behind the Courts appeal to Scott's argument.. pt 2 | Therefore if enslaved people were property, then slave owners could take them anywhere they wanted without fear of being deprived of there property |
| What does the second reason of the courts appeal to Scott argument mean? | If slave owners could take their slaves anywhere as "property" that means that any territory or state in the union would be opened to slavery |
| How did this national anger affect the political party? | the increasing divinson of slavery weaken the two party system significantly |
| Effects on Whig party | the party became divided into pro-slavery(cotton Whigs) and anti-slavery (conscience Whigs) |
| Effects Democratic party | Was gaining strength as a regional,proslavery party |
| Republican party | was born in 1854 which gathered together under one banner a diverse group of folks. Former members of the know nothing party, abolitionists, free soilers |
| Republican Party pt 2 | The Republicans did not advocate the abolition of slavery, they agreed that slavery should not be able to separate into new territories |
| What scared Southerns during the rise of Republicans? | The Republicans did pretty well in their congressional races. That deeply frightened Southerners because a presidential election was coming in 1860 and if a Republican won. the south would be dead. |
| Abraham Lincolns views of slavery | was part of the Free Soil Movement; believed in stopping slavery from spreading but from abolishing it from places where slavery already existed |
| Democrats divisions | Northern democrats- represented by Stephen Douglas wanted slavery question answered by popular sovereignty Southern democrats- represented by John Breckinridge, wanted slavery in the new territories protected by slave codes, then popular sovereignty |
| Who won the election? | Lincoln won 40% of the popular vote but carried the electoral vote. Lincoln won the presidency without a single electrical vote form the south . |
| How did the southerners react to the election? | Terrified, all they would see was that as a result of this election even if they employed all their political power in a high stakes decision, they still didn't have power to prevail. threatening |
| What did Lincoln promise? | He promised not to abolish slavery, but he did promise that the expansion of slavery was effectively over |
| What did the South do? | In December of 1860 South Carolina seceded from the Union and within six weeks six more states had joined; Florida, Alabama, Texa, Mississippi, and Louisiana |
| Confederate States of America | South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Texa, Mississippi, and Louisiana , Virginia Arkansas, Tennessee, and NC. Created a constitution which was similar to the Us Constitution but had limited federal power and never allowed the abolishment of slavery |
| For what reason did the Southern states secede? | SC-Oppression of their constitutional right. SLAVERY MUST BE PROTECTED WORLD WITHOUT END |
| Jefferson Davis | Confederate States president |
| What were the various factors that contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War? | . |
| South advantages | Fighting a defensive war, possessed far greater and more experience military leaders, (Robert E.Lee & Stonewall Jackson) |
| North Advantages | 4x the population of South, possessed a robust navy to control seas and rivers, controlled majority of banks,manufacturing, and railroads, welle established central government |
| The Civil War between the north and the south | was very unpredictable. Nobody knew who was going to win since both sides were powerful in their own ways. |
| What did the North and South have to do in order to fight this war? | Both had to mobilize their entire economy. |
| North economy | manufactures answered by rapidly modernizing their productive capacity |
| South economy | depended mainly on tariffs and taxes on exports to raise revenue for war, cotton to Britain, this plan failed with Union naval blockade and they were a hot mess financially during the war |
| How did people react to this war in the South? | the Confederacy launched another attempt to pay for war by introducing war tax, but since the confederacy was built on notion of states rights ,many people and states refused to fund. |
| How did people react to this war in the North? | The New York City draft riots: there was a law that said that if American men wanted to duck out of their military duties then they could pay $300 |
| NY city draft riots | Gathering of men in NY to protest this ij=injustice turned violent, 120 people were killed . |
| NY city draft riots pt2 | So there's an option to avoid going to get killed by war but its only available to the rich? they found it unfair |
| Fort Sumter | was a federal possession that happened to be located in confederate SC. SC cut off supply lines to the fort coming in from the North. Lincoln announced that he would be sending provisions to the Union trapped there |
| Fort Sumter pt2 | South had a choice either let these federal troops be resupplied or blow up the incoming supply ships. They obviously blew them up |
| First battle of Bull Run | won by confederacy; 30,000 union troops marched to confront confederate troop and Bull Run creek, citizens watched this battles while on picnics?? The war started with the Union winning but until Confederacy reinforcements came in they started losing |
| North strategies for the civil war | Anaconda plan |
| Anaconda plan | the north would lean heavily on it naval advantage in order to blockade Southern ports and control the mississippi river. Which if they do it would split the confederacy in half. |
| South starges for the civil war | The south heavily relied on foreign help, especially from Britain and France. because of cotton but B and F found India and Egypt were better at making cotton and rejected KIng Cotton |
| Why did the Union succeed? | Improvements in leadership and strategy, ket battle victories, and the wartime destruction of the South's infrastructure |
| Union leadership | Lincoln had many awful generals but Ulysses S. Grant was a great general. Grant rarely retreated and pressed the Confederates hard into their own territory |
| Strategies | Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| Lincoln only free slaves in .... | Confederacy states but not in other states, like border states which were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and west Virginia. |
| What did the emancipation proclamation do? | Enslaved workers in the Confed escaped plantations and ran to Union lines for safety. some even took up arms for the union cause. Closed the door on British involvement |
| Key victories in battles | Battle of Vicksburg |
| Battle of Vicksburg | as a result of this battle the union gained control of Mississippi under the leadership of General Grant, and that meant that the plan of cutting the Confed in half had been accomplished |
| South infrastructure | the devastation of the South's infrastructure also ensured the Union victory |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | sent by Grant to capture Atlanta; captured Atlanta but also burned it to the ground. |
| March to the Sea | Sherman and his men embarked on a devastating March to the sea. In this March from Atlanta to Savannah, Sherman destroyed railroads, burning crops and land . Making it near impossible for the south to gain its strength again |
| Appomattox Courthouse | April 9th 1865, General Grant and and Confederate Lee meet. Lee formally surrendered to Grant and the war was over. |
| How did Abraham Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War impact American ideals over the course of the war? | .. |
| Why was the Emancipation Proclamation good military wise? | 1-it effectively cut of all hope of European diplomatic support for the south, which was a huge part for their plan to win. 1- Created the occasion for many enslaved people in the South to escape to the Union |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln speech given on November 19th 1863; Lincoln ought to unify the nation and to portray the struggle against slavery as the fulfillment of America's funding democratic ideals |
| Reconstruction | The process of knitting the North and the South back together again |
| Explain the effects of government policy during Reconstruction on society from 1865 to 1877 | .. |
| Should the confederacy be treated with leniency or as a conquered foe? | Main question during the Recon era |
| Abraham Lincolns beliefs regarding how confederacy should be treated | Was of the lenient persuasion. His position is that the South never actually left the Union because it was legally impossible to do so. He saw that treating this outherens harshly would only renew the tension that led to secession. |
| Ten percent plan | Lincoln's reconstruction plan; established a minimum test of political loyalty for southern states to return to the union. |
| 10% plan terms | They had to agree to the following terms; they could reestablish their state government if 10% of the 1860 electorate pledged loyalty to the Union; state legislatures had to ratify the Thirteenth amendment which abolished slavery |
| Why didn't Lincoln's 10% plan be enacted? | He was tragically killed |
| Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's vice president now president; sucked; tried to enact Lincoln's plan but failed to do so because he was just not like Lincoln. Allowed the south to go back to their old ways |
| Black codes | restrictive laws passed by many states that restricted the freedom of southern black folks and formed them to work for low wages |
| Radical Republicans | disliked Johnson; believed that the South's secession has caused untold damage and death and therefore they needed to pay. They wanted the process of recon to be led by Congress and not Johnson |
| Freedman's Bureau | was an agency set up to help newly freed black people to get on their feet |
| Civil rights act of 1866 | protected citizenship of black folks and gave them equal protection under the laws |
| What did Johnson do to the Radical Republicans solutions/acts? | vetoed them |
| what did Radical Republicans do in response to Johnson's veto? | Radical republican in Congress mustered a two-thirds majority to override Johnson's veto and go the laws passed |
| What did the R Republicans fear? | The overturning of the Civil Rights Act, they proposed a constitutional amendment to solidify these rights,the 14th amendment |
| 14th amendment | all persons who were born or naturalized in the US were citizens of the US and every citizen enjoyed equal protection of the laws n the state level |
| Reconstruction Acts of 1867 | assured that all the laws being passed would be enforced in the South. Republicans dived the south into five districts and put them under military occupation Increased the requirement for southern states to rejoin the Union |
| Reconstruction Acts of 1867 pt 2 | they also had to ratify 14th amendment and also add to their state constitution a provision for universal male voting rights, white and black. not women |
| Conflict between Johnson and R Republicans | The impeachment of Andrew Johnson; RR really wanted Johnson out of office so Congress passed the Tenure of Office act |
| Tenure of Office Act | made it illegal for the president to fire a member of his cabinet without congressional approval |
| What did Johnson do in regards to the tenure of office act | fired a member of his cabinet |
| What did Congress do to Johnson? | brought a full-fledged impeachment trial against Johnson; failed to get him out of office by one vote |
| Women's rights movements during recon | .. |
| 15th amendment | granted voting rights to the newly freed black population for the South |
| Women's rights | Advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Antony got mad over this amendment because it did not recognize women |
| National Woman Suffrage Association | continued to fight for the franchise to be extended to women |
| American Woman Suffrage Association | shared the disappointment over the 15th amendments wording but argued that it was important to support Recon efforts federally while working for women suffrage on the state level |
| Southern society after the war/ how did they stay the same? | the black population of the south had to adjust to their new reality of freedom and in order to gain independence from white control, they established black schools for their children and even founded black colleges. |
| Southern society after the war pt2 | Some Black men got elected into various representative offices. Whites were creating societal conditions that were just like before the civil war |
| Sharecropping | in this system land owners provided sed and farm supplies to the worker in exchange for a share of the harvest. In theory this was a decent opportunity for newly free black folks to get back on their feet. |
| Sharecropping pt 2 | However in practice sharecropping turned into another form of coerced servitude unlike slavery. Poor white folks were also victims of this system |
| White supremacy | Southerners didn't accept Black people as people; thought they were better than African Americans, in this case |
| Ku Klux Klan | Group that terrorized Black Americans; burned buildings, controlled local politics thought intimidation, and perpetrated public and private lynchings of black folks |
| Effort to insert white supremacy into law | Many southern legislatures adopted a series of laws known as Black Codes |
| Black codes (2 example) | 1- Prohibited Black American from borrowing money to buy and rent land; meant they were prime candidates for the sharecropping system. |
| Black codes (2 example) | 2-prohibited black people from testifying against white people in court , mean that violence against black people would never be heard |
| Black codes (3 example) | 3- provided for the racial desegregation of southern society |
| Why did reconstruction end? | Samuel Tilden & Rutherford B.Hayes election and many northern wer more concerned with industrial developments than the race problem in the South. |
| Election of Tilden and Rutherford | Tildren won the majority of the popular vote, but neither Tiden nor Hayes gained enough electrical votes to climb victory. A special electoral commission was formed and it was Republican majority, the commission declared the 3 states for Hayes. |
| What did the Democrats do? | were outraged and threatened to block Hayes inauguration |
| what calmed the tension down? | The compromise of 1877 |
| The Compromise of 1877 | in this agreement, the Democrats agreed to concede the election to Hayes but under one condition; in exchange all federal troop shad to be removed from the South |
| Reconstruction ended | .... |
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