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WHAG-23b
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Moscow | Napoleon's defeat here meant death for hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen |
scorched-earth | this tactic by retreating Russian armies left no food for Napoleon's army |
Battle of Leipzig | England, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Sweden defeat Napoleon in 1813 |
1814 | Napoleon is removed from power, and sentenced to exile on the island of Elba |
1815 | Napoleon escapes from island, tries to re-start his empire, but is defeated after 100 days, sentenced to exile on island of St. Helena |
Battle of Waterloo | final defeat of Napoleon in 1815 |
Duke of Wellington | English military leader, wins Battle of Waterloo |
Congress of Vienna | international meeting to avoid future bloodshed |
25 years of bloodshed | Ten years of French Revolution + Fifteen years of Napoleon's rule |
Klemens von Metternich | Austrian diplomat who organizes Congress of Vienna |
Five | major powers of Europe after 1815: Prussia, Russia, Austria, England, and France |
balance of power | spread power around; prevent any one nation from becoming too powerful |
legitimate | French Revolution government was not this; Metternich wanted to restore these types of governments. |
Bourbon Dynasty | this French royal family was returned to permanent power in France in 1815. |
100 years of peace | with only minor wars, the Congress of Vienna created this |
Thomas Paine | American Founding Father, at first defended French Revolution, then criticized its violent excess |
Edmund Burke | saw that French Revolution would fail, because it wanted to radically change society instead of cautiously changing government |
religious freedom | although the French Revolution started by promising this, it eventually destroyed this |
Battle of Trafalgar | Napoleon's navy loses to British admiral Horatio Nelson |
American Revolution | succeeded because it had a thoughtful plan for cautiously creating a new form of government |
French Revolution | failed because it wanted to destroy - or radically change - society |
map | Congress of Vienna re-drew this and re-shaped many European nations |
Bastille | large prison in France |
Louis XVI | king of France prior to revolution; overthrown |
Napoleon | ends Revolution, seizes power; terrorizes Europe with army for next fifteen years |